<p>Keokuk National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Keokuk in Lee County, Iowa. It encompasses 22.7 acre, and as of 2021, had over 6,000 interments. It is administered by Rock Island National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Keokuk National Cemetery was created in a separate, donated plot of Oakland Cemetery during the American Civil War as a place to inter veterans who died in the five military hospitals in the area. By the end of the Civil War, the cemetery had the interments of over 600 Union soldiers, and 8 Confederate prisoners of war.</p><br>
<p>In 1908 when Fort Yates, North Dakota was abandoned, the remains in its post cemetery were moved to Keokuk National Cemetery. In 1948, another post cemetery, in Des Moines, Iowa, also had its remains moved to the National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Keokuk National Cemetery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Unknown Soldiers monument was erected in 1912 by the Women&#39;s Corps of Keokuk in honor of 48 unknown soldiers buried at the cemetery. The monument is a large granite obelisk topped with the figure of a Union soldier standing at parade rest.</p><br>
<p>The American War Dads and Auxiliaries of Iowa erected a bronze wreath dedicated to Unknown Soldiers. Date of dedication is unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Major General Samuel Ryan Curtis, American Civil War officer commanding, Battle of Pea Ridge, Battle of Westport.</p><br>
<p>Private First Class John F. Thorson, Medal of Honor recipient for action in World War II.</p><br>
<p>One Commonwealth war grave, of a Royal Canadian Air Force airman of World War II.</p><br>
<p>Rock Island National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located within Rock Island Arsenal near the city of Rock Island, Illinois. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 66 acre, and as of the end of 2006, had 24,525 interments. The cemetery is also nearing compliance with the National Shrine guidelines, due to its use of college students during the summer to reset and realign stones. When looking from any one stone there should be seven lines visible and all should be straight.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was established in 1863 as a place to inter the remains of American Civil War Union army soldiers. Its initial placement interfered with the expansion of the Arsenals facilities, so it was moved to a location on the northern end of the island. Civil War veterans who were interred in Oakdale Cemetery in Davenport, Iowa, were later disinterred and moved to the National Cemetery. Property transfers from the Arsenal in 1926, 1936, and 1950 increased the cemeterys area. There are plans for further expansion of this cemetery including an additional pavilion, more land, and a wall for cremations near the tank track.</p><br>
<p>A second, 2 acre cemetery was established near Rock Island National Cemetery to bury Confederate prisoners of war, nearly two thousand of which would die while in captivity on the island, primarily from the harsh living conditions.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<h3>Medal of Honor recipients</h3><br>
<p>Private First Class Edward J. Moskala (1921–1945), United States Army Medal of Honor recipient for action in World War II</p><br>
<p>Private First Class Frank P. Witek (1921–1944), United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipient for action in World War II</p><br>
<h3>Other burials</h3><br>
<p>Gene Baker (1925–1999), Major League Baseball player, coach, and scout</p><br>
<p>Lane Evans (1951–2014), Congressman, Illinois&#39;s 17th congressional district</p><br>
<p>Jeff Pfeffer (1888–1972), Major League Baseball player from 1911 to 1924</p><br>
<p>Brevet Brigadier General Thomas Jackson Rodman (1816–1871), commander at the Rock Island Arsenal and developer of the Rodman gun</p><br>
<p>Ralph Ignatowski (1926–1945), Rifleman, Battle of Iwo Jima</p><br>
<p>Port Hudson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Port Hudson, 20 mi north of the city of Baton Rouge in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 19.9 acre, and as of the end of 2020, had over 12,000 interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is located on the site which was the main battleground of the Siege of Port Hudson, during the American Civil War. Nearly 4,000 Union troops fell during the fighting, and most were buried in the cemetery, many as unknowns. After the war another 8.4 acre was appropriated to inter those who died in the local veterans&#39; facilities. The battle was notable for valiant fighting by the 1st and 3rd Regiments of the Louisiana Native Guards, troops composed of free men of color from the New Orleans area and a majority of African Americans who had escaped from slavery to join the cause and gain freedom.</p><br>
<p>The Confederate soldiers who died were primarily buried in the trenches where they fell. A Confederate Cemetery was later established in the Port Hudson area; it is not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield at Port Hudson is one of the few naturally preserved Civil War battlegrounds. The breastworks, gun pits, and trenches remain today almost as they were during the battle. The area has never been developed.</p><br>
<p>Port Hudson National Cemetery 19.9 acre area, comprising a total of 9 contributing resources, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 20, 1999; a different portion of the battlefield, several miles to the north, is preserved in the Port Hudson State Historic Site. That area is designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>John Ferguson, sportscaster for the LSU Tigers</p><br>
<p>Frank Fields, double bass player</p><br>
<p>Betty Heitman, co-chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1983 to 1987, buried with her husband, Captain Henry Schrader Heitman</p><br>
<p>Tabby Thomas, blues musician</p><br>
<p>Natchez National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Natchez overlooking the Mississippi River in Adams County, Mississippi. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 25.7 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 7,154 interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original site of the cemetery was purchased from local residents in 1866, to inter Union soldiers who died in the Civil War. Remains from battlefield and post cemeteries from around the region were brought to the cemetery to be reinterred. In 1866 a large number of soldiers who were buried in the levees of the west bank of the Mississippi River were exhumed and transferred to the National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Natchez National Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Landsman Wilson Brown, Medal of Honor recipient for action aboard USS Hartford at the Battle of Mobile Bay during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Major General Carey A. Randall, decorated officer in the Marine Corps; served as Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense from 1951–1960.</p><br>
<p>Puvunga  is an ancient village and sacred site of the Tongva nation, the Indigenous people of the Los Angeles Basin, and the Acjachemen, the Indigenous people of Orange County. The site is now located within the California State University, Long Beach campus and surrounding areas. The Tongva know Puvunga as the "place of emergence" and it is where they believe "their world and their lives began". Puvunga is an important ceremonial site and is the terminus of an annual pilgrimage for the Tongva, Acjachemen, and Chumash.</p><br>
<p>Before the arrival of European settlers, Puvunga extended far beyond the contemporary site that remains today. Its presence was first uncovered in 1952, and then in 1974, at the designated location, when trenching was done for the Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1992, the university challenged its historic designation and threatened to forcefully build a strip mall on the site, which was blocked by direct action and intervention by the ACLU. In 2019, dirt and trash were dumped on the site by the university.</p><br>
<p>The site is located near the Japanese Garden along the banks of a now channelized creek, about three miles (5 km) from the Pacific Ocean. The natural area is located near a parking lot at the edge of campus. There was a natural spring located a short distance from the Rancho Alamitos building that flowed until 1956 referred to as Puvunga Spring. Another similar (but larger) Tongva site is Kuruvungna Springs on the grounds of University High School in Los Angeles.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Puvunga can mean "the place of the gathering" or "in the ball", depending on the source.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1974 for its historical and cultural significance. It remains a ceremonial site for the Acjachemen, Tongva, and Chumash for intertribal gatherings. Puvunga also serves the endpoint of an annual pilgrimage that begins at the village site of Panhe, now located in San Onofre.</p><br>
<p>The Tongva and Acjachemen remember the village as home to Wiyot, one of the First Beings who was their sacred leader. It is "the place of emergence" or where "their world and their lives began". In Tongva traditional narratives, it is also, a few centuries later, the birthplace of Chingishnish, "the prophet or deity who appears at Puvunga after Wiyot, the creator, has been killed, and tells the assembly what they must do to feed themselves."</p><br>
<p>Rare bird species have been identified on the site by the Audubon Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Regional trading and ceremonial center</h3><br>
<p>Puvunga once stood on a rounded knoll or small hill above the expansive wetlands (now known as the Los Cerritos Wetlands) of the San Gabriel River. The Pacific Ocean came up to the bluff of the village, though it has since been pushed several miles west by settlers and commercial development.</p><br>
<p>Puvunga was a large village that extended far beyond the remaining area associated with the village. It was a regional trading and ceremonial center for the Tongva and Acjachemen. Villagers used te&#39;aats to travel on culturally-important journeys out to villages on Pimu (Santa Catalina Island) and other islands off the coast, now referred to as the Channel Islands.</p><br>
<p>Nearby coastal villages included: the very close settlement of Motuucheyngna (at modern-day Seal Beach), now sometimes referred to in archaeological terms as Puvungna East; and the village of Lupukngna, located down the coastline at the mouth of the Santa Ana River.</p><br>
<h3>Colonization</h3><br>
<p>Like many other Tongva villages in the greater Los Angeles Basin area, village life at Puvunga deteriorated immensely with the arrival of Spanish missionaries and soldiers.</p><br>
<p>With the establishment of Mission San Gabriel in 1771, many people from surrounding villages were brought to the mission for conversion and for their labor. They worked on the grounds of the mission in conditions that were recognized as slavery by third-party observers at the time. Between 1785 and 1805, mission records noted numerous baptisms of villagers from Puvunga, indicating that the village was likely depleted shortly after.</p><br>
<p>In 1822, Geronimo Boscana referred to the village as Pubuna and located it within the Spanish land grant Rancho de los Nietos established in 1784, which was eight leagues northwest of Mission San Juan Capistrano.</p><br>
<p>Many villagers likely died at the mission and many did not survive the mission period. Children often died very young at the missions. One missionary at Mission San Gabriel reported that three out of every four children born died before age two.</p><br>
<p>In 1844, Hugo Reid referred to the village as Pubugna and stated it could still be identified as existing at Rancho Los Alamitos, which was a subdivision of Rancho de los Nietos.</p><br>
<p>John Peabody Harrington identified the presence of shell middens in the Rancho Los Alamitos area. At the time, Harrington consulted three Indigenous informants, Jose de Los Santos Juncos, José de Grácia Cruz, and a "very old informant" Guorojos. All three identified the site in Los Alamitos as the village, which they referred to as "Puvuna" or "Puvu". Harringtons report of these events was published in 1933.</p><br>
<h3>Development and recognition</h3><br>
<p>In June 1950, the City Council of Long Beach purchased a 320 acre inside their municipal boundaries. The land contained a large portion of the historical village of Puvunga, and was used to build the campus of California State University of Long Beach. On Christmas Eve of 1952, a burial site in Puvunga was discovered about a mile north of the California State University, Long Beach campus (then referred to as Long Beach State College) when workers of the L. S. Whaley Company uncovered two dozen ancestral remains and funerary objects during the construction of a housing development. In 1952, an article for the Long Beach Press-Telegram wrote that the "ruins might be part of Pubunga, an ancient holy city."</p><br>
<p>In 1955, it was noted by Helen Smith Giffen that there were "shell debris littering the fields below the Los Alamitos ranch house bear witness to the fact that this was once the site of an Indian rancheria." She noted that there was still a "wonderful spring" which flowed at the location.</p><br>
<p>On the first official Earth Day celebration, organic gardens were established on the 22 acres of Puvunga that were still undeveloped and available to the public. The garden site was used to grow various foods for personal consumption.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, campus workmen uncovered portions of a burial at site LAn-235 on the western edge of campus. Funding for the 1973 excavation was provided by the City of Long Beach, Long Beach Historical Society, Rancho Los Alamitos Associates, and private donors. Tongva remnants unearthed included arrowheads and pottery sherds in a style called Cerritos Brown ware. These remains were placed in CSULB&#39;s archaeology lab.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists in 1974 wrote that the Tongva "abruptly abandoned the site in the early 1800s, only a year or so before the first white family took possession of the land". Two other sites were included in the National Register: the adjacent LAn-234 and LAn-306, located just east of campus on the grounds of the historic Rancho Los Alamitos.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, a reburial of an individual disinterred in 1972 occurred. After this reburial, campus workers erected a small engraved wooden sign at the site, which read "Gabrieleno Indians once inhabited this site, Puvunga, the birthplace of Chungicnish, law-giver and god."</p><br>
<p>More than a dozen archaeological sites, spread over an area of about 500 acre on and near the campus, have been identified as Puvungna village sites. A shopping center and apartments at 7th Street and Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, Rancho Los Alamitos and the college now stand atop the historic settlement "near the present-day mouth of the San Gabriel River and the Cerritos Channel".</p><br>
<h3>Threats and disturbance</h3><br>
<p>Despite its known cultural importance, in 1992, the university attempted to challenge Puvunga&#39;s designation as a historic site to construct a strip mall over the remaining grounds of Puvunga as well as over a nearby organic community garden that had been established on the first Earth Day. When gardeners organized to prevent a parking lot development intended for the strip mall site, campus officials ignored them. They moved forward with development, claiming that "no cultural resources" were on site.</p><br>
<p>In response, the Tongva and others organized to stop the development and save the site from destruction. They initiated protests and filed a lawsuit that temporarily stalled any construction. The universitys sudden hostile attitude toward the preservation of the site has been credited to a change in the universitys leadership and the recent decline in California state support for public education, which had pushed universities to find economic revenue sources "to replace state support for higher education that drastically eroded in the last two decades".</p><br>
<p>As a result, direct action was initiated to prevent the site&#39;s development, including protest tent campsites and prayer vigils. In response, the university built a fence around the area and ordered, under threat of arrest, that protestors leave the site. This prompted the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) to get involved and file a preliminary injunction against the university. Raleigh Levine of the ACLU stated, "This case is about the First Amendment rights of the Native Americans to whom Puvungna is sacred. They have the right to freely exercise their beliefs without the state stepping in to pave over their place of worship and put a mini-mall on it."</p><br>
<p>A short film of the event titled Sacred Lands, White Man&#39;s Laws was made available in 1994.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Robert Maxson became President of the University. He pledged to abandon all plans of commercial development on the land and to preserve it, maintaining the open space, as long as he was President. He kept his promise until he left office in 2006.</p><br>
<p>A burial site in the greater Puvunga area was disturbed in the construction of the neighborhood of Hellman Ranch in the adjacent city of Seal Beach. The site is sometimes archaeologically referred to as Puvungna East or as the village of Motuucheyngna, because of its proximity to Puvugna and in acknowledgment of the large area the village once comprised. About 35 bodies were disturbed in the development of Hellman Ranch, along with numerous artifacts of the Tongva.</p><br>
<p>In 2019, CSULB received backlash after dumping dirt and trash on the site. Local self-identified Indigenous groups, such as the Juaneño Band of Mission Indians (Acjachemen Nation), were not consulted in regard to the dumping. This resulted in a legal challenge by the tribe which halted the dumping in October 2019. The legal proceedings were stalled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chairman of the tribe Matias Belardes commented on how the dumping reflected a shift in attitude from the university since the 1992 lawsuit:We’ve had a decent relationship since then.... find it disrespectful and disheartening. Ever since that lawsuit, it was thought that there would be a better understanding of what that site means to us. Somewhere along the way, there’s been a disconnect. Now we’re back to square one after all these positive things from the original lawsuit all those years ago. We thought we were past it already. It shouldn’t have come to this. The university should know the site&#39;s significance, what it means to the tribes, and what you can and can’t do on the property.In response, six departments at CSULB are developing film and educational resources to teach the campus community about the significance of the site in an attempt to prevent future damage.</p><br>
<p>In August 2020, the California Office of Historical Preservation criticized the university for damaging the site. The following January, the universitys president issued a message claiming that rumors of development on the site of Puvungna were untrue, but a report released three months later showed that the university did have plans of building another parking lot on the site. The same month, a number of organizations and tribal nations sent governor Gavin Newson a letter requesting that he restore Puvungna. In August 2021, the Native American Heritage Commission started a formal investigation on the topic. One month later, a settlement was reached prohibiting the development of the land and allowing tribal nations to use Puvungna for their traditional activities. Under the terms of the settlement, removing the construction debris is not the Universitys responsibility.</p><br>
<p>The University Cottage Club or simply Cottage Club is one of eleven current eating clubs at Princeton University, in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. It is one of the six bicker clubs, along with The Ivy Club, Tiger Inn, Cap and Gown Club, Cannon Club and Tower Club.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1884, a group of freshmen who called themselves "The Seven Wise Men of Grease" of the Class of 1888, chose to eat in a private room on the second floor of Dohm&#39;s Restaurant on Nassau Street across from the campus. In their sophomore year, the group moved up Nassau Street to a hotel on the corner of Railroad Avenue (now University Place) known as The University Hotel. In September of their junior year as they were joined by several other students, they found a small house immediately south of The University Hotel on Railroad Avenue (where Hamilton Hall now stands) owned by the college, known as "The University Cottage". A couple was hired to cook and serve their meals. Prior to their graduation in 1888, the group invited members from the sophomore class to join their new venue. In 1889, new members of this society adopted legal papers and agreed on the name "The University Cottage Club of Princeton."</p><br>
<p>In 1890, a lot on Prospect Avenue (upon which today&#39;s clubhouse stands) was purchased and a shingled Victorian clubhouse was built in 1892. The enrollment continued to grow and this structure was moved to Library Place when plans were made for a larger building. The current -story Georgian Revival clubhouse was designed by Charles Follen McKim of the New York architectural firm McKim, Mead and White in 1903 and built in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The library on the second floor is modeled on the fourteenth century library in Merton College, Oxford University. In the Dining Room, one such carving reads “Ubi Amici Ibidem Sunt Opes” (“Where there are friends there are riches”) which has become over the years a motto of the Club.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, Cottage Club was one of three all-male eating clubs sued by 1980 Princeton graduate Sally Frank for sex discrimination. Ms. Frank prevailed in 1985. Following the suit, the Club voted to admit women in early 1986. Cottage has historically been numbered among the "Big Four" eating clubs of Princeton University (the others are Ivy, Cap and Gown, and Tiger Inn).</p><br>
<p>Recent renovations have kept the club in first-class condition while preserving its historic beauty. Many young literary enthusiasts like to visit the library where F. Scott Fitzgerald began his novel This Side of Paradise.</p><br>
<p>On September 14, 1999, the Club was entered onto the New Jersey Register of Historic Places. On November 15, 1999, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places based on the architectural structure of the building, high degree of historic integrity, and significant cultural contributions to the community.</p><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge is a historic lodge located within Glacier National Park, on the southeast shore of Lake McDonald. The lodge is a -story structure built in 1913 based on Kirtland Cutters design. The foundation and first floor walls are built of stone, with a wood-frame superstructure. The lobby is a large, open space that extends to the third story. It has a massive fireplace and a concrete floor scored in a flagstone pattern, with messages in several Indian languages inscribed into it. The rustic lodge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 as one of the nations finest examples of large-scale Swiss chalet architecture. Lake McDonald Lodge is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge, initially known as the Lewis Glacier Hotel, was the second hotel on the site. The first, the Snyder Hotel, was built by George Snyder in 1895. It was accessed by a steamboat that ran the 10 mi from the Apgar area to the hotel, preceded by a two-mile trip on a horse-drawn carriage and a ferry trip over the Middle Fork Flathead River.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis Glacier Hotel lodge was built in 1913 by John Lewis, a land speculator from Columbia Falls, Montana. He bought the land, amounting to about 285 acre, in 1904-5 and had the hotel built during a period when the Great Northern Railway was building other hotels and backcountry chalets, including Many Glacier Hotel, Glacier Park Lodge, Granite Park Chalet, Sperry Chalet, and Two Medicine Store. This movement was part of a trend by railroads during that time to build destination resorts in areas of exceptional scenic value. Railroads wanted to attract tourists and create resorts that were equal to the scenery, and private operators like John Lewis had to build equally impressive facilities in order to keep up. The Lewis hotel, designed by the Spokane firm of Kirtland, Cutter and Malmbren, was a much more ambitious undertaking. The hotel was built in 1913–14, working through the winter months, and opened in June 1914. The new hotel was designed to continue the Swiss cottage theme already developed by the Great Northern railway hotels. Artist Charles M. Russell was a frequent guest at the hotel in the 1920s, and is claimed to have etched pictographs in the dining room&#39;s original fireplace hearth.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, the Great Northern Railway acquired the hotel through its subsidiary, the Glacier Park Hotel Company. The hotel&#39;s name was changed to Lake McDonald Lodge in 1957. It was damaged in a flash flood in 1964 that destroyed the fireplace and the Russell etchings. The Glacier Park Hotel Company was sold to the Dial Corporation in 1981, then spun off with the Viad company. The lodge was extensively renovated in 1988–89, restoring details that had been obscured over time or damaged by the Snyder Creek 1964 flood. Today, the lodge maintains its historic character. The hotel also includes a number of small cottages located nearby, as well as a motor inn. The main lodge was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge faces the lake, where early visitors arrived. With the construction of the Going-to-the-Sun Road, visitors began to arrive at what had, until then, been the rear of the hotel, which still retains its character as a secondary entrance despite the traffic it receives. Road access arrived by 1921. The main building is stories high, with a stone foundation and wood framing above. Exposed stone surfaces on the exterior have mostly been covered with white stucco. The upper floors are clad in brown wood clapboards, with sawn fancy trim patterns picked out in white on the upper levels as frieze bands. The white stucco fireplace chimney dominates the present entry elevation, offset around the window above the fireplace.</p><br>
<p>The hotel features a large lobby near the northeastern end which faces southeast, centered on a large stone fireplace set in an inglenook recess on the south wall, surmounted by a large window. The lobby is three stories tall, decorated with skins and taxidermy mounts of native species acquired or trapped by John Lewis, who supplemented the hotel business by trapping, often in the park. There are balconies on the second floor to either side, and on the second and third floors at the rear of the lobby. The building&#39;s heavy timber frame is exposed in this area. Stairways to the upper levels feature natural burled log elements. This element is flanked by guest room sections with perpendicular gables on either side. Guest rooms are primarily on the two upper levels. The dining room is to the southwest of the lobby on the main floor in a -story wing, facing the lake, with a -story kitchen wing adjoining. The exterior features balconies on all elevations on the guest room levels and porches on the ground levels. Exposed framing is a mixture of sawn heavy timbers and log framing, often with the bark remaining. Sawn railings with decorative patterns have replaced some of the log railings on the balconies. Log railings remain in the upper levels of the lobby.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the dining room may have been the first component of the present hotel to be built. The dining wing was found to be a compilation of several smaller structures during the 1980s renovations, with an entry on an upper level overlooking the main room. Renovation work adjusted the elevation of the entry drive, which had previously been near the level of the second floor windows, to be only slightly above the ground floor elevation.</p><br>
<p>Many of the original furnishings have remained with the lodge. A number of hickory chairs with log frames are original, as are the piano and a large table and many of the trophies. Other furnishings are reproductions of Old Hickory and Roycroft pieces, while rugs are reproductions of Gustav Stickley originals. The hanging lanterns are reproductions of original work made by Kanai craftsmen for the Prince of Wales Hotel in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada, which had been moved to Lake McDonald in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Hotel was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 28, 1987, and is contained within the larger Lake McDonald Lodge Historic District, which had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 22. 1978.</p><br>
<p>Grafton National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Grafton, West Virginia. It encompasses a total of 3.2 acre. Along with West Virginia National Cemetery, it is one of two United States Department of Veterans Affairs national cemeteries in West Virginia, both of which are located in Grafton. The first interments took place in 1867 for casualties of the American Civil War in West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Grafton cemetery is closed to most new interments due to inadequate space. Interments are made at nearby West Virginia National Cemetery since it was dedicated in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1867, the United States Department of War directed Major R. C. Bates to find a location where the remains of Union soldiers who had died in West Virginia during the American Civil War could be properly re-interred. (Initially part of the Commonwealth of Virginia at the start of the American Civil War and, as a result, a part of the Confederate States of America due to Virginia&#39;s secession from the United States prior to the start of that war, West Virginia subsequently became part of the Union after it seceded from Virginia and the CSA, and formed a new state in 1863.)</p><br>
<p>Bates found a site adjacent to the town of Grafton&#39;s Maple Avenue Cemetery, where many soldiers had already been buried. The terrain was also relatively level, unusual for the mountainous region. The 39th Congress appropriated a 3 acre site that same year.</p><br>
<p>The first interments were held in the lower two terraces: 1,252 Union soldiers, 613 of which were unknown, were buried. Remains from temporary graves in Clarksburg, Grant County, Fayette County, Kanawha County, Marion County, Rich Mountain battle site, and Wheeling, as well as several Union dead from Kentucky were relocated to the National Cemetery. Additionally, some Confederate soldiers were buried.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery contains the burial site of Thornsbury Bailey Brown, believed to have been the first Union casualty of the Civil War. Brown was believed to have been killed on May 22, 1861 when he refused to acknowledge a Confederate sentry. Brown is said to have shot the Confederate in the ear, and was then shot in the heart. Brown was reinterred at Grafton in 1903 in Section F, Grave 1226. In 1904, the Grand Army of the Republic dedicated a 12 ft memorial marble obelisk.</p><br>
<p>The three-acre site sits along Grafton&#39;s Walnut Street. It is surrounded by a stone wall approximately 3 ft high, with entrance gates on three of the sides. A walkway and series of stairs divides the site in half, running from the Walnut Street entrance to the rear entrance. Smaller walkways are laid out perpendicular to the central path, dividing the cemetery into six sections on three leveled terraces. A large flag pole sites in the middle of the central terrace, while next to it is a plaque containing wording from an 1875 act of Congress regarding the preservation of the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>On the lower terrace are two more plaques that contain the wording of Theodore OHara poem, Bivouac of the Dead. Along the edges of the cemetery are five additional memorial sites dedicated to cenotaphs for service men whose bodies were not recovered, either from sea or elsewhere. The grave markers on the two upper levels are uniform small, white, rectangular stones with arched tops, while the bottom level contains private, individual markers.</p><br>
<p>Two buildings have stood on the cemetery grounds. A Superintendents Lodge designed by General Montgomery C. Meigs stood until it was demolished in 1957. The modern caretakers house, a -story stone building, was constructed c. 1900 and later served as an administrative building.</p><br>
<p>By the 1960s the Grafton cemetery had limited free space for burials. West Virginia veterans groups began lobbying for a new national cemetery after a 1975 study determined the limited remaining space at Grafton was too steep or costly to use. The West Virginia United Veterans National Cemetery Committee was established and sought to pressure the governor and federal government representatives to seek a new national cemetery. In 1987, the 58 acre West Virginia National Cemetery opened nearby. The Grafton cemetery closed to most new interments. The cemetery offers interment for veterans or eligible family members in existing gravesites.</p><br>
<p>Grafton National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 2, 1982. In addition to the two cemeteries, Grafton holds the longest ongoing annual Memorial Day celebration in the country, first decorating the graves of soldiers in 1867.</p><br>
<p>Staunton National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the Shenandoah Valley, in Staunton, Virginia. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses just over a single acre, and as of the end of 2005 had 994 interments. It is closed to new interments, and is maintained by the Culpeper National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designated a National Cemetery in September 1868, the original interments comprised the remains of Union soldiers removed from Staunton&#39;s Thornrose Cemetery, several local battlefields, and nearby towns and counties. Many were soldiers who died during the American Civil War at the Battle of Cross Keys, Battle of Port Republic, and the Battle of Piedmont. More than 500 of these soldiers were reinterred as unknowns.</p><br>
<p>Staunton National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Captain Nicolae Dunca (1837–1862), a Union officer on the staff of Gen. John C. Fremont and a Romanian by birth, who was killed while carrying a dispatch during the Battle of Cross Keys.</p><br>
<p>Lexington National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Lexington, Kentucky. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses less than 4050 square meters , and as of 2014 had approximately 1,700 interments. It is closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lexington National Cemetery was originally a military section of the Lexington Cemetery which was first used to inter American Civil War casualties in 1861. After the war, several makeshift battlefield cemeteries had their remains moved to Lexington. In 1863, the lot was officially designated a National Cemetery, and in 1867, an additional 1500 square meters (0.38 acres) were purchased by the federal government to increase the lot to its current size.</p><br>
<p>Lexington National Cemetery was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Granite Park Chalet is located in the heart of Glacier National Park in the USA state of Montana at an elevation of 6,693 feet above sea level. The chalet was built in 1914 by the Great Northern Railway and is a National Historic Landmark contributing property, being one of five structures in the</p><br>
<p>Great Northern Railway Buildings district. From Logan Pass along the Going-to-the-Sun Road, the chalet is a moderate 7.6 mi hike along the famed Crown of the Continent Highline Trail, usually referred to simply as the Highline Trail. Much of the trail passes through the scenic Garden Wall section of the park, immediately west and parallel to the Continental Divide. The chalet is also accessible via the Loop Trail (4 mi, 2,200 ft elevation gain) and the Swiftcurrent Trail (7.5 mi, 2,300 ft elevation gain). The trails are for hikers and horseback riders only; no vehicle access is provided. Granite Park Chalet is a limited services facility and those that spend the night make use of the full service kitchen to cook their own meals.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy-Wade Mill, or Wade&#39;s Mill, is a grist mill and national historic district located in Raphine, Virginia and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally built c. 1750 by Captain Joseph Kennedy. In 1846 the mill was sold by the Kennedy family to Henry B. Jones, who expanded and improved the mill. After passing to other owners in 1867, the mill was damaged by fire in 1873. It was rebuilt and leased to  James F. Wade, and put back into use in November 1882. The Wade family continued to operate it for four generations. It was bought in 1991 by Jim Young, and is still functioning today. The mill grinds flour using millstones and a 21-foot overshot water wheel. The flour is shipped to restaurants and livestock farmers.</p><br>
<p>Nearby and also part of the Kennedy-Wades Mill Historic District are the millers house and other houses and outbuildings structures forming the small mill community.</p><br>
<p>Many Glacier Hotel is a historic hotel located on the east shore of Swiftcurrent Lake in Glacier National Park in the USA state of Montana. The building is designed as a series of chalets, up to four stories tall, and stretches for a substantial distance along the lakeshore. The building has a Swiss alpine theme both on the outside and on the inside. The foundation is made of stone, with a wood superstructure. The outside is finished with brown-painted wood siding, and the window framing and balconies have wood sawed in Swiss jigsawed patterns. On the inside, the four-story lobby is surrounded by balconies, whose railings are patterned after Swiss designs.</p><br>
<p>Construction began at Many Glacier Hotel in 1914 and was finished in just 1 year on July 4, 1915. The Great Northern Railway was establishing a series of hotels and backcountry chalets in the park and the Many Glacier Hotel was the "Gem of the West". This was part of an effort by Louis W. Hill, president of the Great Northern Railway and son of James J. Hill, to establish Glacier National Park as a destination resort and to promote the area as the "American Alps". To this end, Hill chose a Swiss chalet style for the hotels and chalets. The Glacier Park Lodge (previously known as the Glacier Park Hotel) and the Many Glacier Hotel were intended to be the core structures, while the chalets and campgrounds were sited in the backcountry within an easy day&#39;s ride or hike from one of the hotels or another chalet. The chalets were intended to entice visitors to leave the hotels and see the backcountry in a more rustic manner. These chalets were especially used during the early 1900s when the Hotel first opened, and the main attraction in the park was horseback riding.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Today, the hotel still maintains its historic character. Most rooms either have views of Swiftcurrent Lake or the surrounding mountain scenery. The hotel is a contributing property in the National Historic Landmark, Great Northern Railway Buildings district. Many Glacier Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>This hotel was first built in 1914 near Glacier National Park. It was closed due to COVID-19 in 2020. It opened again on June 4, 2021. This hotel includes 2 suites, 7 family rooms and 205 guest rooms offering lakeside, deluxe, standard and value lodging options. All of the rooms have private bathrooms, telephones, king and queen beds or standard double or twin beds. Guest and hotel facilities are all non-smoking.</p><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge Historic District is a historic district in Glacier National Park in the USA state of Montana. It comprises the Lake McDonald Lodge and surrounding structures on the shores of Lake McDonald. It is centered on the main lodge, which was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987, as well as surrounding guest cabins, dormitory buildings, employee residences, utility buildings, and retail structures. The district includes several privately owned inholding structures that are contributing structures, as well as a number of non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge was built in 1913-1914 by John Lewis as the Lewis Glacier Hotel to replace an earlier structure, the Snyder Hotel. The prominent site on the lakeshore was developed as the major tourist accommodation on the west side of the park. In addition to the rustic Swiss-chalet-styled lodge building, there are a number of structures built during the early 20th century, including eleven log cabins built in 1907 near the lodge and two more built in 1918. Other buildings in the historic district include the Garden Court, a two-story frame dormitory built in 1927. The two-story frame Cobb House dormitory features rustic interior detailing and a stone fireplace. The log Snyder Hall was built in 1911 as an assembly hall and was converted to a dormitory. The log Soda Fountain, built in 1927, became a recreation hall for employees. Other buildings include the 1909 frame barbershop, a 1922 log caretaker&#39;s residence, and a 1922 frame lumber shed. The 1935 McDonald Cabin is a former private residence, built in rustic log construction. The General Store is a chalet-style structure near the main road, built about 1937. The district also includes a 1934 stone bridge over Snyder Creek and six log private residences.</p><br>
<h2>Mission 66</h2><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge Coffee Shop was originally excluded from the list of contributing structures as a modern intrusion. Several other structures, including a motel unit, gas station and dormitories continue to be regarded as non-contributing to the historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 22, 1978, primarily titled as the Lewis Glacier Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Pawtuxet Village is a section of the New England cities of Warwick and Cranston, Rhode Island, United States. It is located at the point where the Pawtuxet River flows into the Providence River and Narragansett Bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pawtuxet means "Little Falls" in the Narragansett language, and this area was originally occupied by the Sononoce Pawtuxet band, part of the larger Narragansett Indian tribe. In 1638, Rhode Island founder Roger Williams purchased the property extending south from Providence to the Pawtuxet River. Shortly after, his followers William Arnold, William Harris, William Carpenter, and Zachariah Rhodes settled along the fertile meadows of the Pawtuxet. Meanwhile, Samuel Gorton purchased the land south of the Pawtuxet River and became the founder of Warwick.</p><br>
<p>Early 18th-century inhabitants took advantage of the power of the Pawtuxet River by constructing various mills, and took advantage of its excellent harbor by building one of America&#39;s premier shipping ports. The Pawtuxet Village Historic District boasts dozens of preserved Colonial structures among its scenic blend of homes and buildings. The mouth of the Pawtuxet River was a strategic location to settle, and gave boats a safe harbor and the village considerable importance in the triangular trade of the day, and shipyards for the coastal and West Indies trade were located here.</p><br>
<p>It was here in 1772 where Rhode Island patriots took the first organized military action towards independence by attacking and burning the hated British revenue schooner. This was America&#39;s "First Blow for Freedom", known as the Gaspee Affair, and led directly to the establishment of permanent Committees of Correspondence, unifying the individual colonies, and starting the process of the American Revolution. The cities of Cranston and Warwick celebrate this historic role of Pawtuxet Village by hosting the annual Gaspee Days Parade each June.</p><br>
<p>During the early 19th-century, Christopher and William Rhodes formed the textile manufacturing firm which controlled the prosperity and swayed the destiny of Pawtuxet for more than half a century. It changed from a shipping port to a mill village with textile mills at either end of the Pawtuxet Falls. Pawtuxet shops and businesses of the 19th-century may be seen on old advertising maps from about 1862 to 1870.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th-century, the Rhodes family developed one of Rhode Island&#39;s top attractions called the Rhodes-on-the-Pawtuxet casino, dance hall, and canoe center. Trolley lines from Providence carried vast numbers to the Pawtuxet area for entertainment.</p><br>
<p>In the 21st-century, Pawtuxet Village became known as a food destination, with eateries ranging from a tea room, Parisian cafe, Irish pub, Thai restaurant, creperie, ice cream, and more. The Friends of Pawtuxet Village host an annual Taste of Pawtuxet event to highlight local eateries.</p><br>
<h2>Gaspee Days celebration</h2><br>
<p>Since 1965, the town has hosted a multi-day series of events known as Gaspee Days which commemorates the Gaspee Affair, the 1772 burning of the British revenue schooner HMS Gaspée. The events include an arts and crafts festival, fireworks, concerts, 5k race, colonial encampment, parade, and fundraising events. The Gaspee Days Parade is held annually on the second Saturday in June. The parade showcases Rhode Island&#39;s many ceremonial Independent Military Organizations as well as Colonial Fife & Drum Corps and bands from as far away as Connecticut and Massachusetts. Local dignitaries and civic organizations also participate.</p><br>
<p>The Gaspee Days celebration concludes with a reenactment of the burning of the Gaspée at Pawtuxet Park.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Elisha Hunt Rhodes (1842–1917), soldier of the 2nd Rhode Island Volunteers and diarist of the Civil War</p><br>
<p>Vanessa Carlton (1980–), American singer-songwriter and pianist</p><br>
<p>Bellevue is a historic mansion house at 204 Ben Hill Street in LaGrange, Georgia, United States. Built in 1853–1855, it was the home of Senator Benjamin Harvey Hill, and is one of the state&#39;s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture. Now a historic house museum, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, and is a contributing structure in Broad Street Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Bellevue is located in central LaGrange, on an oval parcel located at the north end of Ben Hill Street, and flanked on both sides by McLendon Circle. It is a two-story wood-frame structure with a two-story Greek temple front, featuring six fluted Ionic columns with four-sided capitals, and a heavy multi-level entablature below a dentillated cornice. Set within the temple front is a second-floor balcony with a turned balustrade, and a center entrance recessed in an opening flanked by pilasters and topped by an entablature. Ells extend the house, joining it to what was once a separate kitchen building.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue, originally a 1,200 acre plantation estate, was established in 1853 by Benjamin Harvey Hill, one of Georgias leading politicians of the antebellum and Civil War era. Its architect is only known by his last name, Taylor, and is one Georgias finest example of antebellum Greek Revival architecture. Hill (1823–82) was a highly regarded orator and politician, who opposed secession in the years prior to the Civil War. When Georgia did secede from the Union, he served in the Senate of the Confederacy, and was opposed to Reconstruction Era legislation after the war. His house is now owned by the LaGrange Women&#39;s Club, which offers tours of the house and rentals for special events.</p><br>
<p>Cylburn Arboretum is a city park with arboretum and gardens, located at 4915 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland. It is open daily excluding Mondays without charge.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum began as the private estate of businessman Jesse Tyson, who started construction of Cylburn Mansion in 1863. The house, designed by Baltimore City Hall architect George Aloysius Frederick, was eventually completed in 1888 and remains intact, a stone structure built of gneiss from Tyson&#39;s quarries at Bare Hills, with mansard roof, tower, and an Italianate cupola. It became the Cylburn Wildflower Preserve and Garden Center in 1954 and, in 1982, was renamed the Cylburn Arboretum Association.</p><br>
<p>The Cylburn Mansion houses a display of watercolor paintings of Maryland wildflowers that is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Today the arboretum contains an extensive collection of trees and woody shrubs based loosely on the Tysons&#39; original plantings. Collections include azaleas, bamboo, beeches, boxwoods, chestnuts, conifers, hollies, Japanese maples, magnolias, maples, Maryland oaks, and viburnum.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum also includes a number of flower and vegetable gardens, as well as greenhouses designed and built in the 1960s by Lord & Burnham. The greenhouses grow plants for the city&#39;s parks, and are not open to the general public.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum is included in the Baltimore National Heritage Area.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a filming location for "Final Grades", a 2006 episode of The Wire, in which Bodie Broadus and Jimmy McNulty have a conversation in the park.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of trees at Cylburn Arboretum</h2><br>
<p>Cylburn Arboretum Black Walnut June 2024.jpgBlack walnut (June 2024)</p><br>
<p>Cylburn Arboretum Japanese Threadleaf Maple June 2024.jpgJapanese threadleaf maple (June 2024)</p><br>
<p>Cylburn Arboretum Female Ginkgo June 2024.jpgFemale ginkgo (June 2024)</p><br>
<p>The Rachel Carson Homestead is a National Register of Historic Places site that is located in Springdale, Pennsylvania, United States, eighteen miles northeast of Pittsburgh and near the Allegheny River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original four-room farmhouse was the birthplace and childhood home of Rachel Carson, whose 1962 book Silent Spring launched the modern environmentalist movement. The Carson family moved to this home in 1901 with plans to live in the home temporarily, and to sell lots from the 65-acre land to finance building a modern home. Rachel was born here in 1907.</p><br>
<p>The house underwent few improvements during the Carson residence, as financial difficulties prevented the family from accomplishing their plan. Carson and her family remained in this home until she completed her studies at the Pennsylvania College for Women (now Chatham University) in 1929. She continued her studies in Baltimore at Johns Hopkins University. Her family soon followed her to Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold to a local high school English teacher who updated utilities and added rooms, extending the footprint of the original home. The original four rooms used by the Carsons remain substantially unchanged. The grounds are reduced to a little more than a half-acre, but a small hiking trail accesses adjoining municipal property. A springhouse, still standing, was the source of water for the Carsons.</p><br>
<p>The homestead is managed by the Rachel Carson Homestead Association, Inc. (RCHA), a nonprofit organization. Established in 1975, the RCHA maintains the home, and welcomes visitors to tours and events. The mission of the Rachel Carson Homestead Association is to preserve, restore, and interpret Rachel Carson&#39;s birthplace; to design and implement environmental education programs; and to educate the community, guided by her environmental ethics and sense of wonder.</p><br>
<p>The organization established the Rachel Carson Legacy Challenge, which challenges individuals, government, industry and institutions to lessen their ecological footprint. The challenge uses Carson&#39;s environmental ethic as the benchmark for permanent and measurable change.</p><br>
<p>The Rachel Carson Challenge, a thirty-five-mile wilderness hike on the Saturday closest to the summer solstice, was established in honor of Rachel Carson&#39;s contribution to the environment and passes by the Homestead. The Rachel Carson Trail is managed by the Rachel Carson Trails Conservancy.</p><br>
<p>Rachel Carson wrote her influential book Silent Spring at Rachel Carson House in Colesville, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The West Point Foundry was a major American ironworking and machine shop site in Cold Spring, New York, operating from 1818 to about 1911. Initiated after the War of 1812, it became most famous for its production of Parrott rifle artillery and other munitions during the Civil War, although it also manufactured a variety of iron products for civilian use. The increase of steel making and decreasing demand for cast iron after the Civil War caused it to become bankrupt gradually and cease operations during the early 20th Century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding and early products</h3><br>
<p>The establishment of the foundry was encouraged by President James Madison, who, after the War of 1812, wanted to establish domestic foundries to produce artillery.</p><br>
<p>The West Point Foundry Association was incorporated by Gouverneur Kemble, who was of a merchant family in New York City (his mother&#39;s family had associations in Putnam County), and the foundry began operation in 1817. Besides artillery, the foundry also produced iron fittings for civilian uses, such as pipe for the New York City water system and sugar mills for shipment to the West Indies. A number of early locomotives were built at the foundry, including the Best Friend of Charleston (the first to be put into commercial service), the West Point (the third built for service in the United States), the DeWitt Clinton (the fourth, and first to operate in New York state), Phoenix, and Experiment.</p><br>
<h3>Parrott years and the Civil War</h3><br>
<p>In 1835, Captain Robert Parker Parrott, an 1824-graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, was appointed as an inspector of ordnance at the foundry for the USA Army. The following year he resigned his commission and on October 31, 1836, was appointed superintendent of the foundry. It prospered over his long tenure, and was the site of numerous experiments with artillery and projectiles, culminating in his invention of the Parrott rifle cannon in 1860. In 1843 the foundry also manufactured the USS Spencer, a revenue cutter which was the first iron ship built in the USA</p><br>
<p>The foundry was busiest during the American Civil War due to military orders: at that time it had a workforce of 1,400 people and produced 2,000 cannon and three million shells.</p><br>
<p>The fame of the foundry was such that Jules Verne, for his novel From the Earth to the Moon, chose it as the contractor for the Columbiad, a spaceship-launching cannon.</p><br>
<h3>Decline and demise</h3><br>
<p>In 1867, Parrott resigned as superintendent, although he continued to experiment with artillery designs until his death in 1877. Business of the foundry decreased due to competition from more modern techniques of iron and steel production. It had discontinued the use of charcoal and begun to purchase coal from Pennsylvania about 1870. However, it was unable to avoid receivership in 1884 and bankruptcy in 1889. It was sold in 1897 to the Cornell brothers, makers of sugar mills, and ceased operation in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Site archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Of the buildings on the site, only the central office building remains intact; the remainder are in ruins. 87 acre around the site form a preserve owned by Scenic Hudson. It can be visited by a short trail from the nearby Cold Spring Metro-North station. A major archaeological study of the site, funded by Scenic Hudson and performed by Michigan Tech, occurred from 2002 to 2008. The West Point Foundry Archeological Site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2010, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2021.</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Beach Pier is a municipal pier located in Huntington Beach, California, at the west end of Main Street and west of Pacific Coast Highway. At in length, it is one of the longest public piers on the West Coast of the United States.  The deck of the pier is above sea level, while the top of the restaurant structure at the end of the pier is.</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Beach Pier is on the California Register of Historical Resources. It is one of 123 historic places and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, California (Ref. No. 89001203).</p><br>
<p>One of the main landmarks of Huntington Beach, also known as "Surf City, USA", the pier is the center of the city&#39;s prominent beach culture. A popular meeting place for surfers, the ocean waves here are enhanced by a natural effect caused by the edge-diffraction of open-ocean swells around Catalina Island, creating consistent surf year-round.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The pier was built circa 1902, before the incorporation of Huntington Beach in 1909. The Huntington Beach Company (Standard Oil), built a wooden pier at the terminus of Main Street in 1904, which extended 1,000 ft into the Pacific Ocean. In 1910, it was damaged by a severe storm that caused a large portion of it to plunge into the Pacific. The Huntington Beach Township&#39;s board of trustees approved a $70,000 bond in 1911 to construct a new pier made of concrete extending 1,350 ft in length.</p><br>
<p>The newly constructed pier was re-dedicated in 1914 and set a record at that time as the longest and highest concrete pleasure pier in the United States. Legendary surfer George Freeth provided a surfing demonstration at the pier re-dedication.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, the city extended the pier by 500 ft and added the Sunshine Cafe at the end. The extension separated from the original pier during the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Repairs were made by the City of Huntington Beach, but the pier was damaged again by the 1939 California tropical storm. Reconstruction of the pier was completed a year later.</p><br>
<p>After the attack by Japan at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, Huntington Beach, along with many other coastal cities, mobilized to help the war effort. The USA Navy installed a submarine lookout post on the pier, along with a heavy caliber machine gun. When the war was over, all military equipment was removed and the pier was returned for public use. In 1983 and on 7 January 1988, Pacific storms destroyed the pier and the "End Cafe". Fluor/Daniel Consultants of Irvine conducted a study on the structural stability of the pier and the pier was declared unsafe. It was closed in July of that year. A community group called P.I.E.R. (Persons Interested in Expediting Reconstruction) was organized to raise funds for the pier&#39;s reconstruction. P.I.E.R. raised over $100,000 by selling T-shirts and other merchandise with the P.I.E.R. logo. An additional $92,000 was donated by the community of Anjo, Japan, a.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a new 1,856-foot pier began in October 1990. The pier was completed and re-dedicated on 18 July 1992, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. Over 500,000 people attended the re-dedication and grand re-opening. The City of Huntington Beach established a management and observation program to maintain the pier, an iconic feature for the community.</p><br>
<p>The pier was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on August 24, 1989, deeming the structure worthy of preservation by the federal government. The pier was reconstructed once more, removing some of the architectural features in 1992, including Neptune&#39;s Locker and a bait shop.</p><br>
<h2>Engineering</h2><br>
<p>The design of the present-day pier replicates the architectural form of the 1914 design. The concrete pier incorporates reinforced steel, coated with epoxy, to protect it from the corrosive effect of the damp salt air. It is also built to withstand 31 ft waves or a 7.0 magnitude earthquake and uses an increased space between piles to accommodate surfers - as requested by the City. The pier slopes gently up toward the seaward end in a straight line which alternates with three octagonal platforms and one rotated square (108 feet on a side) that forms a diamond at the pier&#39;s seaward end. Not only is the pier structurally sound, it also retains a number of design elements from the original pier including haunches at the pile caps and corbels supporting light standards.</p><br>
<h2>Uses and features</h2><br>
<p>The pier is frequented by sport fishermen as well as surfing spectators. Rubys Diner was established at the end of the pier in 1996, and closed in late February 2021. The location was then briefly occupied by Bud & Genes, a casual pop-up seafood restaurant that opened in July 2022. This was short lived, and Bud & Gene&#39;s was replaced in August 2023 by the Broad Street Oyster Company.</p><br>
<p>Strolling the pier is a popular pastime for both local residents and visitors. The pier has a midnight curfew, two hours after the beach closes to the public. During curfew, there are public safety patrols on the beach and at the pier. Prohibited on the pier are riding bikes and skateboards, smoking, and possession and/or consumption of drugs or alcohol. The City of Huntington Beach operates a 24-hour with a view on the pier, looking west.</p><br>
<p>The City of Huntington Beach beach headquarters provides are updated throughout the day on the City of Huntington Beach website and at an automated phone line (714-536-9303). The reports include surf, water, wind, and tide information such as surf height, water temperature, and wind speed, and high and low tide times.</p><br>
<h2>Special events</h2><br>
<p>The annual USA Open of Surfing is held on the south side of the pier every summer, hosted by Vans and formerly sponsored by companies such as Hurley, Nike, Converse, and others. It is the largest surfing competition in the world and typically lasts one week. As part of the event, notable people in the world of surfing are also inducted into the Surfing Walk of Fame and the Surfers Hall of Fame, both located directly across from the pier on Main Street. The Surfing Walk of Fame incorporates embedded plaques in the Main Street sidewalk; the Surfers Hall of Fame incorporates the surfer&#39;s own hand prints.</p><br>
<p>The pier also features many other events throughout the year, though most occur in the summer. Many other surfing competitions are held here like the PSA, NASSA, and CSA. Tournaments are also held for other sports such as volleyball, wrestling, BMX, kite flying, paintballing, and fishing. Races and marathons such as the Surf City Marathon & Half Marathon, which is held every Super Bowl Sunday and the Surf City 10, which is in October pass by the pier. The city also hosts an Annual Pier Swim and Rough Water Swim in which participants have to swim around the pier. There are also fireworks and parades to celebrate the Fourth of July.</p><br>
<h2>Pier webcams</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the City of Huntington Beach on the pier, views from the pier are aired live on screens at the California-themed Hollister apparel stores. The store pays a franchise fee to the City, which helps fund marine safety equipment. The cameras are also used by lifeguards.</p><br>
<h2>Film and television</h2><br>
<p>Huntington Beach and its pier have been popular locations for films and television shows. Television shows include 90210 from The CW, NBC show Betty White&#39;s Off Their Rockers, and The X Factor. The area has also been featured in the Bravo show, The Real Housewives of Orange County.</p><br>
<p>Glendale National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Richmond, in Henrico County, Virginia. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 2.1 acre, and as of the end of 2005 had 2,064 interments. It is closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glendale National Cemetery was established on May 7, 1866, and named after a farmstead that was on the property at the time. The original interments were the remains of Union soldiers who died at the Battle of Malvern Hill and other nearby American Civil War battlefields.</p><br>
<p>Glendale National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Corporal Michael Fleming Folland (1949–1969), Medal of Honor recipient for action in the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<p>The Golda Meir School  for gifted and talented students is a Milwaukee Public Schools district elementary, middle, and high school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The school offers classes for students in grades three through twelve.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 the school was renamed in honor of Golda Meir, the fourth Prime Minister of Israel, who attended the institution from 1906 to 1912. There are two campuses: the lower campus and the upper campus. The 1890 lower campus building is a National Historic Landmark, designated in 1990 for its association with Meir.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Situated next to the historic Schlitz Brewing Complex of the same era, the Fourth Street School, now the Meir School lower campus, was designed in 1889 by noted Milwaukee architect Henry C. Koch in Romanesque Revival style. Hallmarks of the style are the rough stone foundation (to give it a sense of rootedness) and the round-topped arches. The school was completed by 1890 and opened its doors on September 2, 1890.</p><br>
<p>H-shaped in plan, the school building has four stories (basement included) and contains 16 classrooms along with an auditorium. A single story heating plant was added in 1915, with a fuel room to follow in 1937. Fire escapes and enclosure of the stairways brought the building up to code in 1957. Renovation of the interior and exterior took place in 1976, during which a cafeteria was added.</p><br>
<p>Golda Meir had three classrooms in grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5. That left it with only enough room for one class in grade 6, grade 7, and grade 8. As a result, there were about 90 students in each of the elementary grades but only 30 students in each of the middle school grades. The 60 other students had to go to school somewhere else after grade 5. In 2011, parents asked the school board to allow grade 6 though 8 to move into the closed Milwaukee Education Center middle school, which is adjacent to Golda Meirs property. The building previously housed the Malt House of the long-closed Schlitz Brewery. The expansion has allowed all of Golda Meirs students to remain in the school. Golda Meir added grade 9 in 2014 and will continue to add grades until the Schlitz building has a high school population of 600 students.</p><br>
<p>Golda Meir School, as it was renamed on May 4, 1979, is one of the citys original magnet schools. The Gifted and Talented Program was implemented in the 1970s to further stimulate and develop the abilities of talented pupils. A two block long mural on the playground retaining wall was started in 1979 by students. Titled "Milwaukee Illustrated" it celebrated the citys history until removed in 1998 to make way for a new theme, "Golda&#39;s Gallery: The Decades on Display."</p><br>
<p>In commemoration of the events of September 11, 2001, a "Labyrinth of Peace" was drawn on to the school playground. The single circuit labyrinth is used as a tool for students to reflect on what peace means to them.</p><br>
<h2>Golda Meir, immigrant student</h2><br>
<p>Golda Meir was born Golda Mabovitch in Kiev, Ukraine in 1898 to a Jewish family and spent her early years in the part of Imperial Russia where Jews were allowed to live. In 1903 her father Moshe came to Milwaukee to work as a carpenter. In 1906 Golda, her sister, and her mother followed. The family settled on Walnut Street at the south end of the Brewer&#39;s Hill neighborhood, and Golda enrolled at the Fourth Street School.</p><br>
<p>She recounts in her book My Life that she "learned a lot more than fractions or how to spell at Fourth Street School..." When she was in fourth grade, Meir undertook her first public works project by organizing a fundraiser to pay for her classmates&#39; textbooks. She rented a hall and scheduled a public meeting for the event.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 the girl who had arrived as a poor Jewish-Ukrainian immigrant with weak English graduated from Fourth Street School as valedictorian. Four years later she graduated from Milwaukees North Division High School and entered teachers college, but her interest in Palestine was growing. She joined the Labor Zionist Movement in 1915, led rallies for them, and during WWI worked for Jewish relief programs and taught Yiddish in Milwaukees Jewish Community Center. She kept Milwaukee as her home base until 1920, when she and her husband moved to New York, then emigrated to Palestine in 1921. She later wrote: I took a great deal with me from America to Palestine, more perhaps than I can express: an understanding of the meaning of freedom, and awareness of the opportunities offered to the individual in a true democracy and a permanent nostalgia for the great beauty of the American countryside. In Palestine she worked for the labor organization Histadrut and in the 1930s she traveled back to the USA to lecture and raise funds for the Jews of Palestine. During WWII she worked to rescue Jews from the Nazis. In 1948, as European Jews flooded to Palestine and around the time the State of Israel was established, she returned to the USA to raise more funds for Israel. In following years she served as Israels ambassador to the Soviet Union, Minister of Labor, Foreign Minister, and Prime Minister from 1969 to 1974.</p><br>
<p>On October 3, 1969, Prime Minister Meir revisited her old Fourth Street School in Milwaukee, accompanied by USA National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger and local Aldermen Vel Phillips and Orville Pitts. The school was renamed in her honor in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. A plaque mounted outside the front door of the school reads in part "it was here that she learned the values that carried her through life."</p><br>
<p>Pennsbury Manor is the colonial estate of William Penn, founder and proprietor of the Colony of Pennsylvania, who lived there from 1699 to 1701. He left it and returned to England in 1701, where he died penniless in 1718. Following his departure and financial woes, the estate fell into numerous hands and disrepair. Since 1939, a reconstructed manor has stood on the original property.</p><br>
<p>Penn had his manor built on an 8,000 acres parcel, part of his much larger grant of land from the Crown. It was located about 25 miles north of Philadelphia along the Delaware River in present-day Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, the Pennsylvania legislature authorized acquisition of the property by gift. In 1932 the Warner Company donated nearly ten acres of the property to the state of Pennsylvania as a site for a permanent memorial to Penn. The Pennsylvania Historical Commission was given responsibility for it. The legislature appropriated money to reconstruct the buildings of this estate in a historically accurate manner, to create a house museum in 1939.</p><br>
<p>Over the decades, more land was acquired, and the property now has a total of 43 acre. The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1969. The manor house and grounds are administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in association with The Pennsbury Society, and are open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Penn (1644-1718) of England, the new Proprietor of the King&#39;s Grant for the Province of Pennsylvania, traveled to the New World in present-day United States in 1682 to start his dream of a Holy Experiment free from religious persecution for his Religious Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers. Penn was granted an 8,000 acre tract by King Charles II of England. Penn met with the local Native American Lenape tribes to negotiate fairly and sue for peace, seeking not merely their blessing but cooperation in settling the land. He achieved amicable relations and platted the village of Philadelphia north of the confluence of the large southerly flowing Delaware River and easterly Schuylkill, a smaller tributary entering from the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The manor of Pennsbury, a summer home for Penn and his family, was established along the Delaware River 25 miles north of Philadelphia, between the rivers west bank and what was later named Van Sciver Lake. Construction was begun soon after his arrival in the colony in 1682 and completed around 1686. In addition to the central manor house, separate outbuildings for baking and brewing, a large stable, boathouse, and numerous farm buildings were erected. Penns plan was to establish the sort of gentleman&#39;s country estate similar to his home in England.</p><br>
<p>Penn spent most of his time in the soon-to-be capital city of Philadelphia governing his settlement, leaving the manor house empty for long periods of time. From 1699 to 1701, he rented Slate Roof House in Philadelphia as his second residence and city townhouse. He left the colony for England in 1701 to fend off a threatening French claim to his British grant, dying destitute in his home town of Ruscombe after having been defrauded by his English agent of rents and income due him. By 1736, one of Penn&#39;s sons remarked that the Pennsbury house "was very near falling, the roof open as well as the windows and the woodwork almost rotten." It remained in family hands until 1792.</p><br>
<p>At some time before 1820, a farmhouse today known as the Crozier House was built over part of the original Pennsbury foundations. It still stands on the larger property but was moved. The Warner Company of Philadelphia, established in 1794 as a dealer in sand, gravel and other construction materials, acquired much of the otherwise deserted land where the manor once stood.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, on the 250th anniversary of Penn&#39;s arrival, the company donated some of the lands to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Charles Warner, its president, presented the deed for a just under ten-acre parcel where the Pennsbury buildings had stood to the state as a permanent memorial to Penn. The Pennsylvania Historical Commission was given responsibility for what was then known as The Pennsbury Memorial.</p><br>
<h2>Site discovery and reconstruction</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s there was considerable interest in preserving buildings and history of colonial America, due in part to the countrys celebration of its sesquicentennial and the stresses of waves of immigration, a world war, and the Great Depression. Sites relating to Founding Fathers were reconstructed in this era, including Abraham Lincolns former home in New Salem, Illinois in the 1920s and the long-destroyed Northern Virginia birthplace of George Washington known as Wakefield, in 1930. Also in Virginia, the Rockefeller family supported the restoration and reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the commission, Pennsylvania and other sources collaborated to construct a colonial revival manor house and outbuildings at Pennsbury as a home for a house museum dedicated to Penn. Completed in 1940, it is operated as Pennsbury Manor by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in association with The Pennsbury Society, a non-profit organization, and is open to the public. Additional acreage has been acquired enlarging the site 43 acres. The manor and grounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h3>Reconstruction</h3><br>
<p>Penn wrote to his overseer James Harrison frequently from England during the construction of the estate, providing insight into his intentions and progress of the project. During its early years of ownership the Pennsylvania Historical Commission conducted site mapping, archaeology, and documentary research. In 1934 historian Albert Cook Myers found the buried foundations of the house and a crude drawing on an eighteenth-century survey map. These served as the basis for recreating a typical red-brick manor house on the property.</p><br>
<p>Pennsbury Manor was designed by local architect R. Brognard Okie, (1875-1945), known for his sensitive Colonial Revival constructions in the area, and restoration of the Betsy Ross House in Philadelphia. It appears to today&#39;s analysts that he designed a larger and more elaborate house than the original Pennsbury, believed to have been based on a T-shape.</p><br>
<p>The result is two stories, with a dormered hipped roof serving as an attic. The design is Georgian-influenced Colonial Revival, five bays wide and two piles deep. A white wooden door and windows contrast against red brick laid in an English bond. Support buildings in either matching brick or whitewashed wood frames surround the home.</p><br>
<p>Early anachronisms that were part of the original construction project, such as a white picket fence and brick walkways, have been replaced by more appropriate styles of pale fencing and graveled walks. Bricks were too expensive at the time of Pennsbury Manor&#39;s original construction to be used for walkways, and not even the original house was fully constructed in brick.</p><br>
<p>Okie did not get the final contract for the landscape, but had submitted a proposal. Historic horticulture was little developed at this time, and architect Thomas Sears&#39; (1880-1960) design once again owed more to Colonial Revival than actual Colonial, " featuring numerous plants only brought from Asia in the 19th century such as Weigela, Kerria japonica, Forsythia, and Chinese Wisteria. The brick bordered "colonial" herb garden was also a 19th-century design element.</p><br>
<h2>Repatriation</h2><br>
<p>The Lands that Pennsbury Manor were built on were originally lands of the Lenape tribe. On April 11, 2022, around 200 Lenape ancestors and their funerary objects were laid to rest on their homelands. The multitude of ancestors and objects had been previously held across the country by different universities and museums, including the Pennsylvania State Museum. It took about 15 years of coordinating between the Lenape tribal historic preservation officers and the staff members of Pennsbury Manor to bring not only the Five Civilized Tribes but the hundreds of ancestors back home. After negotiations, all five tribes of the Delaware Nation agreed to take legal ownership of the new cemetery; their attorney signed the deed to the cemetery on April 19, 2022.</p><br>
<p>The Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden is a 66 acre botanical garden located at 8525 Garland Road in East Dallas, Texas, on the southeastern shore of White Rock Lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The majority of the grounds were once part of a 44 acre estate known as Rancho Encinal, built for geophysicist Everette Lee DeGolyer and his wife, Nell DeGoyler. The 22,000 ft&sup2; Spanish-style DeGolyer House was completed in 1940.</p><br>
<p>Since 1976, the DeGolyer Estate has formed a portion of the Dallas Arboretum & Botanical Gardens. The DeGolyer Restaurant/Loggia is located in the DeGolyer House, which overlooks White Rock Lake and A Womans Garden. Also located on the grounds is an outdoor concert stage, picnic areas, and the 8 acre Rory Meyers Childrens Adventure Garden with 17 indoor and outdoor galleries. The DeGolyer House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as the Texas Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In September 2002, Arboretum facilities were expanded with the opening of the new Visitors Center, named after Dallas developer Trammell Crow.</p><br>
<h2>Named gardens</h2><br>
<p>The Arboretum opened in 1984. Currently, there are 19 named gardens.</p><br>
<h3>The Trammell Crow Visitor Education Pavilion and Entry Plaza</h3><br>
<p>Built with native Texas limestone and wood and copper sheathing, the structure serves as the gateway to the gardens. The Scott K. Ginsburg Family Plaza and Junkins Fountain is located at the entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Margaret Elisabeth Jonsson Color Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Margaret Elisabeth Jonsson Color Garden spans 6.5 acres (2.6 ha) and is a horticultural attraction designed by Naud Burnett II. The garden features seasonal flowers and plants arranged in various beds, creating a visually stunning display. Additionally, visitors can explore the Waterwise display, donated by Region IV of the Texas Nursery and Landscape Association, which provides home gardeners with valuable resources on how to manage a low-water landscape. The Palmer Fern Dell, another feature of the garden, boasts an impressive collection of ferns, camellias, azaleas, and other perennials and shrubs, making it a popular spot among visitors.</p><br>
<h3>A Woman’s Garden</h3><br>
<p>A Womans Garden is a gift from the Womens Council of Dallas. The first phase of this 1.8 acre formal garden was designed in 1997 by landscape architect Morgan Wheelock. A Woman&#39;s Garden is composed of several smaller outdoor garden "rooms" and terraced walkways, including the Pecan Parterre and the Poetry Garden, which features a sunken garden of roses. The second phase of development opened to the public in the spring of 2006 and was designed by Dallas landscape architect Warren Johnson. It has a native Texas limestone bridge, a 140-foot hanging garden, and a wellspring surrounded by Dawn Redwoods. The purpose of designing these two gardens was to celebrate the strength, courage, creativity and nurturing demeanor of women.</p><br>
<h3>The Nancy Rutchik Red Maple Rill</h3><br>
<p>This 2 acre garden includes a collection of over 80 varieties of signature Japanese Maples planted along the stream.</p><br>
<p>The rill opened in the fall of 2011 and was designed by Rowland Jackson, with construction services provided by The Beck Group. Key design elements include an entry off the Paseo de Flores and a gathering plaza that overlooks a re-circulating creek and various waterfalls. The area also includes a series of paved walkways and a stone bridge connecting the Martin Rutchik Concert Stage to the Magnolia Allee. A large weeping Japanese maple, nearly 100 years old, is in the center of the garden.</p><br>
<h3>The Lyda Bunker Hunt Paseo de Flores</h3><br>
<p>Commonly referred to as The Paseo, this pathway serves as the central walkway of the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Luis Santana, the path begins at the Trammell Crow Visitor Education Pavilion and concludes near Fogelson Fountain, which was donated by the late Greer Garson in memory of her husband, Buddy.</p><br>
<h3>Boswell Family Garden</h3><br>
<p>A stacked stone wall serves as the backbone of this garden, alongside a range of rose varieties. Donated in 2004 by George Boswell and designed by landscape architect Warren Johnson of Fallcreek Gardens, The Boswell Family Garden comprises the area north of the McCasland Sunken Garden and is surrounded by the Gazebo, Octagonal Fountain, and Magnolia Allee. An overlook offers a view of White Rock Lake and the surrounding gardens.</p><br>
<h3>McCasland Sunken Garden</h3><br>
<p>Tom and Phyllis McCasland&#39;s 2006 contribution, the McCasland Sunken Garden, was designed by Warren Johnson. It is a renovation and upgrade of the original Sunken Garden. The central aisle, lined with Italian jardinières, leads down a series of steps toward a grass court surrounded by seasonal plantings.</p><br>
<h3>The Eugenia Leftwich Palmer Fern Dell</h3><br>
<p>The Palmer Fern Dell, designed by Naud Burnett II, is located within the Jonsson Color Garden. Over 90 varieties of ferns, camellias, azaleas and mature trees border a brook, which winds throughout this mini garden.</p><br>
<h3>The Nancy Clements Seay Magnolia Glade</h3><br>
<p>The Magnolia Glade features a waterway and lily pond amid a collection of flowers. Along with her husband Austin, Pauline Neuhoff dedicated this quiet garden to honor her mother. Designed by Landscape Architect Warren Hill Johnson, the glade takes on different colors and textures throughout the year. Framed by the 45-foot flowers of the Dallas Arboretum&#39;s Magnolia Allee, the glade is enclosed by ‘Teddy Bear’ southern magnolias, as well as butterfly Japanese Maples, large white flowering camellias, and loquats.</p><br>
<h3>Nancy’s Garden</h3><br>
<p>Nancys Garden is blanketed by pink crape myrtles and azaleas and is filled seasonally with pastel annual color. Located within the DeGolyer Gardens, this space was originally Nell DeGolyers personal garden. In 1992, the garden was renovated and dedicated to the children of Nancy Dillard Lyon. The Bill Dillard Family renovated the plantings and lighting of the area, which included benches as well as the sculpture Thank Heaven for Little Girls by Gary Price.</p><br>
<h3>Crape Myrtle Allee</h3><br>
<p>Crape myrtle trees enclose a stone walkway to create the garden. This natural tunnel leads visitors to the "toad corners" water feature, with two polliwog basins at the Paseo entry. Opened to the public in 1994, Crape Myrtle Allee was originally funded by the Communities Foundation. Dedicated to John and Thelma Black by their daughter Peggy Braecklein, the Allee features a lane of crape myrtle trees, which replaced the original trees planted by the DeGolyers. Paved with Pennsylvania bluestone, the Allee runs from the Paseo to Toad Corners.</p><br>
<h3>Chandler Lindsley Shadow Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Chandler Lindsley Shadow Garden is filled with pathways. Azaleas border the pathways providing color during the spring, while a row of magnolias provides a backdrop for the garden.</p><br>
<h3>Pecan Grove</h3><br>
<p>Pecan Grove serves as the centerpiece of the festival, Autumn at the Arboretum. In spring, over 100 Japanese Cherry Trees surround the Pecan Grove. In fall, over 50,000 pumpkins, gourds and squash come together to form the Pumpkin Village at the Arboretum.</p><br>
<h3>The Martha Brooks Camellia Garden</h3><br>
<p>Designed by Warren Johnson and opened in January 2000, the Camellia Garden is located along the Paseo de Flores and features 200 camellias and over 30 different cultivars. The Martha Brooks Camellia Garden was funded by the employees of Central and South West Corporation and was dedicated to the wife of retired CEO Dick Brooks.</p><br>
<h3>DeGolyer Gardens</h3><br>
<p>The 21,000-square-foot home of Mr. and Mrs. DeGolyer serves as the centerpiece to this garden. Landscape architects Arthur and Marie Berger designed the 4.5 acre DeGolyer Gardens for the DeGolyer family in 1940. Many of the original garden features remain, including the Magnolia Allee, the Sunken Garden and the Octagonal Fountain. In 2012, the existing entry landscape was replaced with a new design featuring tropical plants and palms.</p><br>
<h3>Lay Family Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Lay Family Garden (formally known as the Lay Ornamental Garden) is a 2.2 acre garden filled with hundreds of perennials and woody plants. A garden at the south end of the property, it is a reinterpretation of the Lay Ornamental Garden, a gift from the family of Mimi Lay Hodges and Herman Lay. The Lay Family Garden was named for Herman Lay, co-founder of Frito-Lay.</p><br>
<h3>Rose Mary Haggar Rose Garden</h3><br>
<p>Located within the DeGolyer Gardens, this pocket rose garden contains over 200 Hybrid Tea Roses of 16 different varieties.</p><br>
<h3>The Trial Gardens</h3><br>
<p>In 2002, the Dallas Arboretum became the 31st "All-America Selections Trial Garden". The Trial Gardens opened to the public in March 2003. The Trial Gardens at the Dallas Arboretum were created for the purpose of expanding research efforts and providing information to the public. The focus of the trial program is to grow and evaluate many different plants in the drastic climate of the Metroplex and North Central Texas. Information generated from the trials is provided to commercial plant producers, retailers and home gardeners. Between 3,000 and 5,000 plants are trialed yearly from over 150 plant breeding companies.</p><br>
<h3>The Rory Meyers Children&#39;s Adventure Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Rory Meyers Childrens Adventure Garden was designed to connect children with nature. The Childrens Garden is funded with support from the City of Dallas and private and corporate donors. Named by the family of Rory Meyers, the Garden encompasses several galleries, each designed to be age specific. There are several lawsuits associated with former employees of the Children&#39;s Garden.</p><br>
<p>Rippon Lodge is one of the oldest houses remaining in Prince William County, Virginia, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971. Built around 1747 by Richard Blackburn  as the main residence and headquarters of his plantation, it lies on high ground overlooking Neabsco Creek at the south end of what is now the unincorporated town of Woodbridge at 15520 Blackburn Road. The house takes its name from Richard Blackburn&#39;s birthplace, the small city of Ripon in North Yorkshire, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation house is located along a remnant of the original Kings Highway (now known as the "Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route" ). This vital roadway connected the 13 original colonies, stretching from Newport, Rhode Island to Charleston, South Carolina. It played a vital role in the American Revolutionary War, in part because colonial troops marched on this section before defeating the British at Yorktown.</p><br>
<p>Originally a tobacco plantation, at its greatest extent under Richard Blackburn (ca. 1706-1757) who had emigrated with his brother from Ripon in Yorkshire, England in 1720, it managed land holdings which stretched from Neabsco Creek westward to near what is now I-95 and amounted to about 21,000 acres (85 km). The property featured its own port on Neabsco Creek and is close to the town of Dumfries, once the county seat until the Quantico River silted up early in the 19th century. In 1796, Benjamin Henry Latrobe painted the plantation house.</p><br>
<p>Richard Blackburn farmed and built this and other houses using enslaved labor. At his death, the house passed to his son, Col.Thomas Blackburn who represented Prince William County several times in the House of Burgesses, then in most of the Virginia Revolutionary Conventions, before becoming an aide-de-camp to General George Washington, until wounded at the Battle of Germantown. His son Richard Scott Blackburn would also represent Prince William County, in the Virginia House of Delegates. Thomas Blackburn corresponded with Thomas Jefferson and also did business with Bushrod Washington who inherited his uncles Mount Vernon plantation as well as married one of Thomas Blackburns daughters. Rippon Lodge remained in Blackburn family hands until around 1820, when it was sold to the Atkinson family, who also farmed using enslaved labor until after the American Civil War, and whose members lived there for about another century.</p><br>
<p>In 1923 the property was sold again. The buyers were former Ohio Attorney General Wade H. Ellis and his wife Dessie, who had moved to Washington, D.C. after Wade Ellis accepted a position as assistant to the USA Attorney General. The Ellises both renovated and preserved the property. Sometime after buying Rippon Lodge, Ellis discovered Richard Blackburn was his ancestor, but it remains unclear at what point during his tenure this became known and how much it influenced the preservation efforts. After Wade Ellis died, Mrs. Ellis sold the house to another Blackburn family member, Admiral Richard Blackburn Black, an Arctic explorer and compatriot of Admiral Byrd. Admiral Black&#39;s daughter inherited the house in 1989 and sold it to Prince William County in 2000. The house and grounds are now maintained by the Prince William County Department of Parks and Recreation, and by a local friends organization.</p><br>
<h2>Hours</h2><br>
<p>Prince William County has restored the house and maintains the surrounding 42 acre of property. Rippon Lodge is open to the public from May through October on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from 11am to 4pm.</p><br>
<p>Christmas Tree Lane is a 0.7 mi boulevard of deodar cedar trees in Altadena, California. The trees on the Lane, Santa Rosa Avenue, have been lighted annually as a Christmas Holiday display since 1920. The association that runs it claims it is "the oldest large-scale outdoor Christmas display in the world". Christmas Tree Lane was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1990,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origin</h3><br>
<p>Santa Rosa Avenue in Altadena is one of many north–south running streets named for female Spanish saints. Others are Santa Anita, Santa Clara (becomes El Molino Avenue), and Santa Marguerita (becomes Fair Oaks Avenue). At the head of Santa Rosa Avenue was a large parcel reserved for the mansion of Altadena founder John P. Woodbury. His brother, Frederick, had already established a home at the head of Santa Clara Avenue. Santa Rosa Avenue was to be the main approach to John&#39;s mansion from the Pasadena city limit. In 1883, returning from a trip to Italy, John described an impressive stand of deodars (Cedrus deodara, the Tree of God), indigenous to the Himalayas. John returned with a handful of seeds from the trees. Having consulted with an arborist friend of his at the Department of Agriculture, who assured him the trees should do well in Southern California, he had Frederick plant them in a nursery behind his house. In two years the young trees were transplanted to Santa Rosa Avenue, in all some 150 trees.</p><br>
<p>The work on Santa Rosa Avenue was carried out by Fredericks ranch foreman Tom Hoag. This included the employment of a large Chinese labor crew not only to perform the transplanting, but also to lay the river-rock-lined gutters which have become an important part of the lanes historical landscape.</p><br>
<p>Because of the ensuing land bust of 1888, John Woodbury&#39;s home was never realized. But the Santa Rosa deodars flourished in the decades to come.</p><br>
<h3>The Pasadena-Altadena Uphill Race</h3><br>
<p>From 1906 to 1909, Santa Rosa was a part of the Pasadena-Altadena Uphill Race, a sport of the new high-speed automobile. Entries consisted of some of the latest race cars of the period, including the Stutz Bearcat, and Barney Oldfield&#39;s Ford No. 999. The racers rallied on Los Robles Avenue south of Woodbury and raced up to the corner, making a hard right then a hard left up Santa Rosa. The dirt roads were rugged and in one instance a female rider was tossed from the car. From that point on ladies were prohibited from riding along. The competitions only ran for four years.</p><br>
<h3>Lighting the Lane</h3><br>
<p>In 1920, Altadena resident and Pasadena merchant Frederick Nash, president of the Pasadena chapter of Kiwanis, convinced his fellow Kiwanians and the City of Pasadena to light the Santa Rosa deodars, now 35 years planted, for the upcoming Christmas season. That year they succeeded in lighting one-fourth of the lane. Over the next few years as the lighting grew along the lane, the number of spectators increased with many arriving by automobile to motor their way between the illuminated rows. The lane was referred to as the Avenue of the Deodars.</p><br>
<p>In 1927 the Altadena chapter of Kiwanis formed, and annually they would take children from the local Boys and Girls Aid Society for rides along the Lane that they called "Christmas Tree Street."</p><br>
<h3>War years</h3><br>
<p>The lane was fully lit each year up until 1943 and the "switch" was pulled annually by honoree Tom Hoag, the old foreman. In 1943 the lane went unlit, but not for the war effort. That year saw a light snow pack and water for power generation was predicted to be low, so the lane was left unlit for conservation purposes. In that time Tom Hoag died.</p><br>
<p>Over the years colorized postcards of the lane became popular. During the war and in the years following the lane was popularized by color photo postcards and the name "Christmas Tree Lane" began to appear on them. It is supposed that this is where the name became popularized.</p><br>
<h2>Christmas Tree Lane Association</h2><br>
<p>During the first half of the 20th century, unincorporated Altadena had been solicited for annexation by Pasadena city. On a 1956 ballot, annexation was voted down. The City of Pasadena then withdrew its support for lighting Christmas Tree Lane. Altadenans were faced with having to attend to the Lane themselves. In 1957, they formed the Christmas Tree Lane Association with Lawrence Lamb as their first president. In coordination with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local No. 11, they set about electrifying and lighting Christmas Tree Lane from their own fund raising.</p><br>
<p>Traffic was managed with the assistance of local Boy Scout troops, who blocked the side streets, directing cars up Lake Avenue to Las Flores Street, well above the head of the Lane, and down Santa Rosa through the trees. This practice was ended in the mid-1970s with the increased auto traffic and new residents who were less than patient with the detouring.</p><br>
<p>The Association was predominantly a mens organization, given the type of work it took to physically light the Lane. In 1960 a Womens Auxiliary was formed, headed by Lenore Denny, to develop fund-raising projects during the year, such as summer picnics, rummage sales and donation cans placed on the sales counters of local businesses. Nowadays, fund-raising and manual labor are performed by men and women alike. By the late 1980s the board had not replanted several missing trees, and struggled to get the lights up every year. There were no reserve funds, and in fact the Association was in deficit. In 1994, younger board members were elected who raised funds to erase the deficit, plant new trees to fill the gaps, and build new lines for the trees. The Board is slowly replacing the old-style light bulbs that used 11 watts each with new LED bulbs that use 1 watt each and will have a longer life.</p><br>
<h3>Southern California Edison</h3><br>
<p>In 1964, Southern California Edison, which was already a benefactor of Christmas Tree Lane, mostly by providing free power, installed a permanent power grid along the Lane with throw-switch boxes at three intersections to handle the increased lighting through the now massive trees. Each year scores of volunteers would come out to string (and after the season unstring) the trees with electric lines full of dangling bulbs. The lines were fastened to ropes that led to pulleys located in the tops of the trees. The wiring was removed before spring to allow the trees new growth and to avoid being damaged during pruning.</p><br>
<p>Edison continued to provide free power until utilities deregulation in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark status</h2><br>
<p>Over time age, root diseases and high winds began to take their toll on several of the trees. By 1990, 132 of the original 146 trees remained. That year, Christmas Tree Lane, with its remaining trees now over one hundred years old, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and was nominated for California State Landmark status. The narrative impressed the state officials with a particular phenomenon: the Lane brought two relatively new products together in a single social activity, the electric light and the automobile. With that it was listed as California State Landmark No. 990.</p><br>
<p>The State marker at the intersection of Woodbury and Alameda St. in Altadena reads:</p><br>
<p>NO. 990 CHRISTMAS TREE LANE - The 135 Deodar Cedar trees were planted in 1885 by the Woodbury Family, the founders of Altadena. First organized by F.C. Nash in 1920, the Mile of Christmas Trees has been strung with 10,000 lights each holiday season through the efforts of volunteers and the Christmas Tree Lane Association. It is the oldest large-scale Christmas lighting spectacle in Southern California.</p><br>
<h2>Deregulation threatens the Lane</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, deregulation of the states electrical utilities caused Southern California Edison to withdraw its maintenance of the Lanes electrical system and provision of free electricity. This meant that the grid would have to be metered and electricity would have to be billed. Thus the system would require permitting and have to meet all existing electrical codes. The Los Angeles County Public Works Department, which is responsible for meters and permits, deemed the old electrical system unsafe, and prohibitive cost estimates to rewire the grid threatened the Christmas Tree Lane tradition.</p><br>
<p>The Board of the Christmas Tree Lane Association appealed to the office of Los Angeles County Supervisor Michael D. Antonovich. The Department of Public Works assisted in designing a workable, safe and legitimate system. The installation cost of $130,000 was covered by Supervisor Antonovich, and the Lane was lighted that year on schedule.</p><br>
<p>The Mayo Hotel is a historic hotel opened in 1925, located at 115 West 5th Street in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>The Mayo Hotel was built in 1925, designed by architect George Winkler, and financed by John D. and Cass A. Mayo. The base of two-story Doric columns supports fourteen floors marked with false terracotta balconies, and a two-story crown of stone and a dentiled cornice At the time the 600-room hotel was the tallest building in Oklahoma. Ceiling fans in each room and Tulsa&#39;s first running ice water made the hotel a haven from summer heat.</p><br>
<p>The Mayo hosted many of Tulsas most notable 20th-century visitors, including President John F. Kennedy, Bob Hope, Charles Lindbergh, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Will Rogers, Charlie Chaplin and Mae West. It was also the residence of some notable oilmen of the era, including J. Paul Getty. In William Inges 1953 Pulitzer Prize winning play, Picnic, the Mayo Hotel is where the lead character Hal intends to find work as a bellhop.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, the segregated hotel had its first black guest, when President Harry Truman personally phoned the hotel from the White House and asked that his daughter Margaret be allowed to bring her black maid into the hotel. She was still required to use the service elevator, however.</p><br>
<h3>Decline</h3><br>
<p>In 1955, the original two-story lobby was reduced to one floor, with a new function room, the Pompeian Court, created in the former lobby space on the mezzanine level.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, the Mayo family sold the hotel to Fairmont Hotels, which renamed it the Fairmont Mayo Hotel. Fairmont sold the hotel to Gateway Hotel Corp. in 1977, and it returned to its original name. In 1980, the hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On January 9, 1981, Daon Corp, a Newport Beach subsidiary of a Vancouver-based firm, bought the hotel for $4.6 million, announcing plans to refurbish the property.</p><br>
<h3>Closure</h3><br>
<p>Daon closed the hotel in early 1981, for what they announced would be a 12 to 14-month renovation, which would involve restoring the original two-story lobby, combining and enlarging the guest rooms, and adding new dining options. They sold the hotels fittings, laid off the hotels staff, and began gutting the interior, tearing out the floors and walls. However, by November 1981, they had ceased work. Daon refused to comment publicly, but put the now shuttered and partially-stripped structure up for sale in December 1981.</p><br>
<p>The abandoned, incomplete renovation left the building unoccupied and missing many of its original fixtures and its interior ornamentation. In 1987, Bruce Robson, Joe Robson and Jack Neely purchased the Mayo, announcing plans to reopen it as a luxury hotel. They proposed various restoration concepts over the 13 years they owned the property, but eventually put it up for sale after Tulsa voters rejected a measure in November 2000 to finance a new convention center, which would have brought more guests to a reopened hotel.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>Vacant for 20 years, the Mayo seemed destined for demolition until June 2001, when John Snyder purchased it for $250,000 and began renovation. Initial efforts focused on restoring the lower floors. The partially-flooded basement was drained of water and renovated as a public parking garage, which opened in 2002. The revenue from the garage financed the renovation of the historic ground floor public rooms, which reopened in 2003 and quickly became a popular venue for galas, proms, receptions and meetings. An $11.2 million project to convert seven upper floors into 76 loft apartments began in 2008.</p><br>
<p>$4.9 million in public funds were allocated to the project from the Tulsa County development package known as "Vision 2025" approved by voters in 2003. The hotel owners provided an additional $6.3 million. The total cost of the renovation was reported to be $40 million.</p><br>
<p>Apartment tenants began moving into the restored building in late August 2009. The 102-room hotel portion opened privately for its first guest, Britney Spears, who booked 80 rooms for her tour stop in Tulsa on September 15, 2009. The hotel opened for business in late September 2009. A formal grand reopening was held in December 2009. Since then, the hotel has hosted numerous famous guests, including OneRepublic, Lady Gaga, James Taylor, Justin Bieber, Bob Seger, Fleetwood Mac, and Josh Groban.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the 2022 Paramount+ television series Tulsa King, main character Dwight "The General" Manfredi, portrayed by Sylvester Stallone, resides in the Mayo Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens  is a historic house museum in Akron, Ohio. The estate includes gardens, a greenhouse, carriage house, and the main mansion, one of the largest houses in the United States. A National Historic Landmark, it is nationally significant as the home of F. A. Seiberling, co-founder of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Conception and creation</h3><br>
<p>The estate was built between 1912 and 1915 for F. A. Seiberling, co-founder of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, and his wife, Gertrude Ferguson Penfield Seiberling. They named their "American Country Estate" Stan Hywet, loosely translated from Old English meaning "stone quarry" or "stone hewn," to reflect the site&#39;s earlier use and the abandoned stone quarries located on the grounds of the Aveill Dairy estate.</p><br>
<p>Frank and Gertrude Seiberling hired three professionals to shape the outcome of their home building project: Boston landscape architect Warren Manning, New York City interior designer Hugo Huber and Cleveland architect Charles Sumner Schneider. Schneider originally pitched his design as an employee of George Post & Sons, a New York City architectural firm. Schneider left the company in 1913, but retained creative control and oversight of the building project.</p><br>
<p>In April 1912, the Seiberlings, with oldest daughter Irene and architect Schneider, traveled to England to tour approximately 20 manor homes to gather inspiration for the home&#39;s design. Three English country homes served as the inspiration for Stan Hywet: Compton Wynyates, Ockwells Manor, and Haddon Hall.</p><br>
<p>The long, sprawling Manor House encompasses 64,500 ft&sup2; and includes four floors and a lower level (basement). In conceiving their dream home, the Seiberlings asked each family member what he or she desired. Gertrude requested a large music room, the boys requested an indoor swimming pool, and a private office for F.A. The house included a formal dining room that would seat up to 40 people, five guest bedrooms with adjoining full bathrooms and walk-in closets, and eight live-in servants&#39; bedrooms.</p><br>
<h3>Interior design</h3><br>
<p>Interior designer Hugo Huber worked with Gertrude Seiberling to furnish the home&#39;s interior. The pair made frequent shopping trips to New York City and Huber traveled with F.A. and Gertrude to England in January 1915 to look at antique pieces for the home. Gertrude initially wanted to furnish the entire home in period appropriate Tudor antiques but F.A. argued that the large family would need comfortable furnishings. Huber compromised by integrating a selection of Tudor antiques with contemporary 1915 furnishings that were made to look antique and fit the overall décor of the home.</p><br>
<h3>Landscape design</h3><br>
<p>The estate grounds, originally about 1,500 acre in extent, were designed between 1911 and 1915 by Boston landscape architect Warren H. Manning, and remain today one of the finest examples of his work. Manning sited the house at the edge of the quarry wall, overlooking the Cuyahoga Valley and rolling hills in the distance.</p><br>
<p>Around the home, he created a series of vistas which related the home to the environment around it, intertwining the two in a unified design. The entrance to the property (through an existing apple orchard), and the two allées on the north and south sides of the house, provide examples of vistas created by Manning using arranged plant materials. Along the back of the house, Manning manipulated existing forest plantings, and removed growth to create outlooks over miles of undisturbed countryside to capture the endless expanse of the Seiberlings&#39; property.</p><br>
<p>Around the Manor House, Manning designed a sequence of contrasting garden spaces which situated formal garden rooms – such as the English Garden, Breakfast Room Garden, Perennial Garden, Japanese Garden and West Terrace – within the existing natural landscape. Manning used a technique of plant massing where he used predominately native plant materials, grouping deciduous trees with small ornamental trees and swaths of perennial plantings, to carve vistas and gardens giving definition and movement to his design. The garden spaces were tailored to the needs of the Seiberling family and envisioned as outdoor rooms for the family to use for relaxation and entertaining.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese Garden was built in 1916 by Chicago Japanese landscape artist T.R. Otsuka to the overall layout designed by Manning.</p><br>
<p>The English garden was redesigned in 1929 by noted landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman. The landscape has undergone two significant restorations: the first in 1984, when a master plan was created to return the property to Warren Manning&#39;s original landscape plan, and the second between 2000 and 2010, to rebuild all of the gardens and landscaping around the Manor House. All historic gardens have been restored; the final garden space to be restored was the Lagoon area, a series of 5 manmade ponds, which was restored in 2020.</p><br>
<p>The estate also includes a conservatory and greenhouses constructed by King Construction Company of North Tonawanda, New York, and specified the construction of a rectangular Palm House with a 24 foot wide greenhouse on the back with a wing on each side, for a cost of $18,330. The greenhouse space behind the Palm House was initially divided into a "general plant house," an "orchid house" and a "vegetable house." The original 1915 building was damaged in a wind storm in 1947. In 2005, Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens constructed a new conservatory and greenhouses based on the original historic designs.</p><br>
<h3>Recreational spaces</h3><br>
<p>The estate grounds also included many recreation areas for the Seiberlings and their guests: two tennis courts (one for servants), a roque court, horse trails, a four-hole golf course, lagoons for swimming and boating, an indoor swimming pool and a gymnasium.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>In 1957, the six surviving adult Seiberling children donated Stan Hywet to the newly formed Stan Hywet Hall Foundation, a non-profit organization formed for the preservation of the estate. It is now a historic house museum and country estate, open seasonally to the public, in keeping with the stone inscription above the Manor House front door, "Non nobis solum," meaning "Not for us alone".</p><br>
<p>From 2015 to 2021, the Manor House underwent an extensive room-by-room restoration, funded by the successful "2nd Century Campaign."</p><br>
<p>Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens is open Tuesday through Sunday, from April 1 through December 30. It is closed to the public on Mondays. An admission fee is charged, and various tours are available.</p><br>
<p>Fort Scott National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Fort Scott, in Bourbon County, Kansas. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 21.8 acre, and as of 2021, had more than 8,000 interments. It is one of three national cemeteries in Kansas .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fort Scott was established in 1842, on what was known as Military Road, between Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. It was named for Lieutenant General Winfield Scott. During the initial years, a small plot on the west side of the fort was used as a cemetery. In 1861, a new plot was purchased, and named Presbyterian Graveyard as it was maintained by the Presbyterian Church. During the American Civil War, it was used to inter soldiers who died in battles near in the area. The plot and an adjacent tract of land became Fort Scott National Cemetery on November 15, 1862. One of the twelve original United States National Cemeteries designated by Abraham Lincoln, it has the distinction of being listed as USA National Cemetery #1.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the Civil War, the original fort cemetery interments were moved into the National Cemetery; as well, at the close of the Indian Wars, many frontier posts, such as Fort Lincoln, were abandoned and had their cemeteries transferred to Fort Scott.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery also contains the Commonwealth war graves of two Royal Canadian Air Force officers of World War II.</p><br>
<p>Fort Scott National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Commemorative monuments</h2><br>
<p>A large sandstone boulder marks the grave of Eugene Fitch Ware, and his wife Jeannette Huntington Ware. Ware served in the Union Army during the Civil War, eventually reaching the rank of captain. He was subsequently admitted to the bar, and served two terms in the Kansas state legislature. He was noted in his time as an author and poet, writing under the pseudonym "Ironquill". Shortly before his death in 1911, he asked that the boulder, whose natural beauty appealed to him, be used as his grave marker.</p><br>
<p>A gray granite monument commemorates the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry, which was based at Fort Scott during the Civil War. The regiment was recruited as a Kansas state unit in August 1862, and mustered into federal service in January 1863, following the Emancipation Proclamation. The monument lists the names of soldiers killed in a May 18, 1863 fight near Sherwood, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>Fort Smith National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located at Garland Avenue and Sixth Street in Fort Smith, Sebastian County, Arkansas. It encompasses 22.3 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 13,127 interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fort Smith was a frontier fort first established in 1817, by Maj. William Bradford as a post to prevent hostilities between the Cherokees and the Osage. Despite the strategic importance of the post, the army closed it after a severe outbreak of disease which had taken the lives of several of the men stationed there by 1824. The initial interments were made in the area during this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1838, a new fort was constructed on the site, including an officer&#39;s quarters where General Zachary Taylor lived from 1841 until 1845. At this time, the original post cemetery was repaired, expanded, and improved.</p><br>
<p>On April 23, 1861, as the American Civil War was beginning, the post was abandoned by the USA Army forces stationed there; it was then subsequently occupied by a Confederate garrison. During this occupation, nearly 400 Confederate soldiers died and were buried at the fort&#39;s cemetery. On September 1, 1863, the fort was then retaken by Union forces. In 1867, the post cemetery officially became a National Cemetery when many of the remains from soldiers who had been interred on nearby battlefields were exhumed and reinterred at Fort Smith. The cemetery includes more than 1,400 unmarked graves, many of them of Union and Confederate soldiers.</p><br>
<h2>Noteworthy monuments</h2><br>
<p>A memorial to Unknown Confederate Dead, made of marble. It also commemorates Brigadier General James M. McIntosh, who died at the Battle of Pea Ridge and Brigadier General Alexander E. Steen, who was killed at the Battle of Prairie Grove.</p><br>
<p>A Vietnam Veterans memorial, constructed of granite and bronze, erected in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>W. H. H. Clayton (1840–1920), lawyer and judge in post-Civil War Arkansas</p><br>
<p>Brigadier General William Orlando Darby (1911–1945), World War II veteran, leader of Darby&#39;s Rangers</p><br>
<p>Jack Fleck (1921–2014), World War II Navy veteran and professional golfer</p><br>
<p>Richard C. Gatlin (1809–1896), Civil War Confederate general</p><br>
<p>James M. McIntosh (1828–1862), Civil War Confederate brigadier general</p><br>
<p>Isaac C. Parker (1838–1896), USA representative, frontier judge known as "The Hanging Judge"</p><br>
<p>Hal Smith (1931–2014), United States Air Force veteran and MLB catcher</p><br>
<p>Alexander E. Steen (1827–1862), Missouri State Guard (Confederate) general</p><br>
<p>Salisbury National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Salisbury, in Rowan County, North Carolina. It was established at the site of burials of Union soldiers who died during the American Civil War while held at a Confederate prisoner of war camp at the site.</p><br>
<p>Now administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 65 acre, 15 acre in the original location and 50 acre at an annex. More than 30 acres were added to the annex in 2020 as a result of a donation by the YMCA.</p><br>
<p>As of 2012 the cemetery had 6500 interments (in 6000 standard graves, many of which also hold a spouse), plus an estimated 3,800 in 18 mass graves at the original location. There are 5000 interments, in 4500 graves, in the new location. As of 2020 a total of 26,000 veterans and family members were buried in both locations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Salisbury Prison</h3><br>
<p>In May 1861, North Carolina seceded from the Union and the Confederacy sought a site in Rowan County for a military prison. A twenty-year-old abandoned cotton mill near the railroad line was selected as the location. Owned by Salisbury Manufacturing, then by Maxwell Chambers from 1848 until his death in 1855, the mill had stopped operating around 1860.</p><br>
<p>It was sold to the Confederacy by Davidson College. In the early part of the war, prisoners were well cared for and allowed to play baseball. This was recorded in a drawing by Maj. Otto Boetticher, which is believed to be one of the first art works showing the game being played.</p><br>
<p>By October 1864 the prison held 5,000 men, soon increasing to 10,000. The town of Salisbury had 2,000 residents, and at that was the fourth largest town in the state. Residents felt threatened by the high number of prisoners being held, and associated diseases. As the prison became overcrowded, the death rate increased from 2 to 28 percent because of malnutrition, poor sanitation, and disease. The Confederates used mass graves to bury the many dead.</p><br>
<p>Because of the poor conditions and high mortality, in February 1865 the Confederates moved thousands of prisoners to other locations, including 3,729 who were marched to Greensboro and taken from there by train to Wilmington, North Carolina, and 1,420 others who were transferred to facilities in Richmond, Virginia. By the time Union Gen. George Stoneman reached Salisbury in the spring of 1865, the prison had been emptied and was being used as a supply depot. Stoneman ordered the prison structures burned and a wood fence built around the mass graves. Of the buildings that constituted the prison, one house on Bank Street still stands; it was believed to be a guardhouse.</p><br>
<p>Archeological excavations of the site took place in 1983 and 2005. Additional studies were made with new technology. On August 29, 2017, archaeologist Ari D. Lukas announced that ground-penetrating radar had located a former barracks on a vacant lot on Bank Street, which used to be part of the cotton mill/prison complex. Excavation of that site took place in November 2018.</p><br>
<p>In a March 28, 2019 presentation, Timothy Roberts, an investigator with Cultural Resources Analysts, reported the findings. Brick, mortar and stone showed the portico of the barracks was likely located on the lot. Building materials had been salvaged and probably used in other buildings after the war, according to Steve Cobb of Historic Salisbury Foundation. The artifacts found did not necessarily come from the prison. It was possible that other excavations could reveal the boundaries of the building.</p><br>
<h3>Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>Initially the Confederates buried prisoners of war who died while held at Salisbury Prison, near the complex. A report by Confederate General T.W. Hall stated that 10,321 prisoners arrived between October 5, 1864 and February 17, 1865. 2,918 reportedly died at the hospital, and a total of 3,479 were buried.</p><br>
<p>The fence which Stoneman had built around the mass graves was later replaced with a stone wall. After the American Civil War, the cemetery was officially designated as a National Cemetery for Union burials. Remains of Union troops from other cemeteries around the area were transferred to it. Later the national cemeteries accepted dead veterans from all wars.</p><br>
<h2>20th century to present</h2><br>
<p>Salisbury National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>By 1994 projections were that the national cemetery would be filled by 1997. No burials other than spouses of persons already there were permitted. Additions had been made in 1976, 1985 and 1995, which gave the cemetery a total of 12.5 acres, and 5800 were buried at the cemetery already. Administrators predicted that by the end of 1999, the cemetery would have no more room. Representatives of the cemetery, veterans, and Rowan County traveled to Washington, D.C. asking for help.</p><br>
<p>On Memorial Day 1999, the Veterans Administration announced the donation of about 40 acre for cemetery purposes, at the W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center in Salisbury. The land included the Brookdale Golf Course, donated by Samuel C. Hart American Legion Post to be used by the hospital when it opened in 1953. It was operated as a golf course until the late 1980s.</p><br>
<p>This expansion provided space for the cemetery to serve veterans for 50 to 75 years, with room for 20,000 more veterans and family members. A groundbreaking ceremony was held at the cemetery annex on Pearl Harbor Day 1999. The first burial in the new location took place in March 2000.</p><br>
<p>In April 2000, 4.7 acre became part of the Salisbury National Cemetery. Two years later, a $2.8 million expansion began on 31 acre of the former golf course, with space to bury 12,000 more people.</p><br>
<p>On November 14, 2011, work began on a new columbarium with a capacity of 1000, which was expected to last ten years. The existing columbarium was nearly filled. Also, the cemetery was adding 2400 "pre-placed in-ground crypts&quot these allowed 1500 burials per acre compared to 700 with normal graves.</p><br>
<p>As of Memorial Day 2012, the original cemetery, with about 7000 markers, was closed to new burials, except for spouses of those already buried. The annex had 4000 markers and was the state&#39;s only open national cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In January 2020, a donation by the Rowan County YMCA of more than 30 acres to the annex provided for the annex to continue burials until 2065.</p><br>
<h2>Number buried in trenches</h2><br>
<p>In 1869, Brevet Gen. L. Thomas estimated the number buried at 11,700, after two of the trenches were opened. That number is used on the monument to unknown soldiers. But research by Louis A. Brown shows the number to be close to 3800.</p><br>
<p>Mark Hughes of Kings Mountain, North Carolina has campaigned to get the number corrected on the monument, and also to add grave markers for the 3500 men whose identities can be determined from sources such as an 1868 Roll of Honor. He cites federal law requiring a marker for anyone buried in a national cemetery. As of 2014, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs does not plan to change the monument or add individual markers. It is not possible to determine precisely who was buried. In 2009, an interpretive panel was added to show what research has determined about the number of mass burials. In 2014, the 1868 Roll of Honor was being added to a web site.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Federal Monument to the Unknown Dead, a 38 ft granite obelisk erected in 1875 at a cost of $10,000.</p><br>
<p>A 25 ft granite monument topped by a statue of a soldier, erected in 1908 by the state of Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Monument, a 40 ft monument on a granite base, erected in 1909.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Red Prysock (1926–1993), veteran and R&B tenor saxophonist</p><br>
<p>Earl B. Ruth (1916–1989), USA Representative and Governor of American Samoa</p><br>
<p>John William Smith (1927–2002), figure in the 1967 Newark, N.J. riots (Annex)</p><br>
<p>Pvt. "Rupert Vincent", Company H, 3rd New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry. In reality, Pvt. Vincent was named Robert A. Livingstone and was the eldest son of Dr. David Livingstone, famous Scottish missionary and explorer in Africa.</p><br>
<p>The Harry S. Truman Little White House in Key West, Florida was the winter White House for President Harry S. Truman for 175 days during 11 visits. The house is located in the Truman Annex neighborhood of Old Town, Key West.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally on the waterfront when it was built in 1890 as the first officer&#39;s quarters on the USA naval station. The house was designed in 1889 by Scott, McDermott & Higgs, a local architectural firm. The wooden duplex contained Quarters A for the base commandant and Quarters B for the paymaster.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, the building was converted into a single-family dwelling to house the base commandant, and additional land was filled in front of the house. The waterfront view was eventually blocked by a new building at the station.</p><br>
<p>The first President to visit the site was William Howard Taft in December 1912. He arrived by Flagler&#39;s Overseas Railroad and stayed in Key West before sailing to Panama to inspect the canal then under construction. During World War I, Thomas Edison resided in the house while donating his service to the war effort. He perfected 41 underwater weapons during his six-month stay. The house remained command headquarters through World War II.</p><br>
<h3>Truman&#39;s use</h3><br>
<p>In November 1946, President Harry S. Truman had finished 19 months in office, but was physically exhausted. His doctor, Wallace Graham, ordered a warm vacation. Truman arrived in November 1946. As he was leaving, he promised to return whenever he felt the need for rest. His second vacation came in March 1947. This set the pattern for additional visits every November–December and every February–March. Changing technology allowed the President to communicate with multiple political or world leaders at one time and he could summon staff to Key West for a meeting in three hours&#39; flight from Washington. Most importantly, Truman realized that where the President was, the White House was. Documents issued from the Little White House read "The White House, US Naval Station, Key West, Florida." Truman spent 175 days of his presidency at the Little White House.</p><br>
<p>In 1948, James Forrestal met with the Joint Chiefs of Staff to hammer out the creation of the Department of Defense. This was called the Key West Agreement, named after the place where the basic outline for the document was agreed to at a meeting that took place from March 11 to March 14 on the base at Key West.</p><br>
<p>During the Truman visits, Cabinet members and foreign officials were regular visitors for fishing trips and poker games. Truman visited Key West shortly after his 1948 re-election and Division Street was renamed Truman Avenue in his honor.</p><br>
<p>After Truman left office, he returned to Key West several times and stayed at various other places.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Truman government use</h3><br>
<p>In 1948–1949 General Dwight D. Eisenhower held a series of meetings that resulted in the creation of the Department of Defense. He returned in December 1955 and January 1956 as President to recuperate from a heart attack.</p><br>
<p>President John F. Kennedy and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan held a one-day summit here in March 1961. President Kennedy made a second visit in 1962 immediately following the Cuban Missile Crisis.</p><br>
<p>The house served as the Naval Station’s commanding officer’s quarters until March 1974, when the submarine base was closed due to the Navy&#39;s conversion from diesel to nuclear submarines. On February 12 of that year, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Conversion into a museum</h3><br>
<p>On January 1, 1987, it was deeded to the State of Florida and is held in trust as a public museum. In 1990 almost a million dollars was spent restoring the house to its 1949 appearance. A 501(c)(3) organization is attempting to further the restoration and hold education conferences each Spring on Trumans impact upon todays society.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the house opened as a state historic site & museum. Today regular guided tours take visitors through the site, and one can enter the rooms where the Trumans lived, worked and relaxed. Items such as President Trumans briefcase, books, telephone, and his famous "The Buck Stops Here" sign are still at his desk. (The reverse of the sign says, "Im From Missouri.")</p><br>
<p>Former President Jimmy Carter and his family had a reunion here in 1996. In April 2001, Secretary of State Colin Powell opened a week of OSCE peace talks, led by Minsk Group Co-Chairman Carey Cavanaugh between President Robert Kocharyan of Armenia and Heydar Aliyev of Azerbaijan.</p><br>
<p>In January 2005, former President Bill Clinton and his wife, then Senator Hillary Clinton, spent a weekend relaxing at the house.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Soldiers and Sailors Monument is a Civil War monument located in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. This example of civic sculpture stands in a prominent location on the southeast tip of Campus Martius Park, where five principal thoroughfares—Michigan Avenue, Monroe Street, Cadillac Square, Fort Street, and Woodward Avenue—convene on the reconstructed traffic circle in front of One Campus Martius Building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1865, the Michigan Soldiers and Sailors Monument Association was established by Governor Austin Blair in order to collect funds for a monument commemorating Michigans sailors and soldiers killed during the Civil War. Voluntary subscriptions from citizens were collected and sculptor Randolph Rogers, who had created similar Civil War commemorative monuments in Ohio and Rhode Island, was chosen as the artist for the monument. The states foremost Civil War monument was unveiled on April 9, 1872. Attending the dedication were Generals George Armstrong Custer, Philip H. Sheridan and Ambrose E. Burnside.</p><br>
<p>In 2005 a re-dedication ceremony was held following the completion of the new Campus Martius plaza in downtown Detroit. The time capsule contained in the monument was opened, and the list of Michigan War Dead was updated to reflect all those killed from the Civil War up to April 2005 in Iraq and Afghanistan. Civil War re-enactors, descendant organizations of the Grand Army of the Republic, representatives from the Detroit City Council, the Michigan National Guard, and the Second Baptist Church men&#39;s choir participated in the ceremony.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Soldiers and Sailors Monument is situated within the traffic circle of the intersection of Woodward Avenue, Michigan Avenue, Monroe Street, Fort Street, and Cadillac Square. The property is open to the public. The monument was repositioned on Campus Martius Park traffic circle for the restoration of the park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Rogers&#39; design consists of a series of octagonal sections that rise up from the base of the monument. The lowest sections are topped by eagles with raised wings that guide the eye upward to the next section which is surmounted by four male figures depicting the Navy, Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery branches of the United States Army. Four female allegorical figures, resting on pedestals, are above the male statues and represent Victory, History, Emancipation, and Union were not added to the monument until 1881. Local lore claims Rogers used Sojourner Truth, the famous African-American abolitionist, as his inspiration for the Emancipation statue, but little evidence exists to document this belief. There are also four plaques containing bas-reliefs of the Union leaders Lincoln, Grant, Sherman, and Farragut. Capping the monument, the heroic "Amazon figure" Michigania, or Victory, brandishes a sword in her right hand and in her other she raises a shield, prepared for attack.</p><br>
<p>Jefferson City National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Jefferson City, in Cole County, Missouri. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 2 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 1,792 interments. It is administered by Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first interments took place in Jefferson City National Cemetery in 1861, and were American Civil War soldiers who died in the skirmishes that took place in the region. Though, the area did not see any wide-scale combat, it was officially designated a National Cemetery in 1867.</p><br>
<p>Jefferson City National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Noteworthy monuments</h2><br>
<p>The 39th Regiment Monument of Centralia, Missouri, erected circa 1968 to commemorate those members of the Missouri Volunteer Infantry who died at the hands of William T. Anderson&#39;s bushwhacker forces in the Centralia Massacre (Missouri).</p><br>
<p>Knoxville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Established during the Civil War in 1863, the cemetery currently encompasses 9.8 acre, and as of the end of 2007, had 9,006 interments. The 60 ft Union Soldier monument, which stands in the eastern corner of the cemetery, is one of the largest Union monuments in the South. In 1996, the cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a multiple properties submission for national cemeteries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Knoxville National Cemetery was established by Major General Ambrose Burnside, whose Union forces had liberated Knoxville in September 1863 at the height of the Civil War. Burnside assigned the task of layout out the cemetery to his assistant quartermaster, Captain E.B. Chamberlain. The cemeterys first burials were Union dead exhumed and moved from Cumberland Gap and other parts of the region. Chamberlains plan was so effective, that the cemetery was one of the few in the nation that required no alterations upon being designated a national cemetery at the end of the war.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The graves at Knoxville National Cemetery are arranged in a circular pattern, with each burial section separated by walkways. The burial sections each form one quarter of the circle, with the headstones converging toward the middle, where there is a flagpole and cloth canopy. A stone wall surrounds the perimeter, the southeast section of which divides the cemetery from the adjacent Old Gray Cemetery. The northeast section of the wall, which contains the main entrance, is topped by an iron fence, with the entrance secured by an iron double-gate. The administrative office and service building is located just inside the gate. A marker containing several lines from the Theodore O&#39;Hara poem, Bivouac of the Dead, faces the graves in the northeast corner.</p><br>
<p>Most of the grave markers are marble headstones of a standard size and shape, although a few have larger and more elaborate markers. Inscriptions typically give the deceaseds name and years lived, and in some cases, note the deceaseds rank, company, and/or war in which they served. The burials are limited to veterans and spouses of veterans. After the Civil War, the cemetery only accepted Union burials, although the cemetery contains at least one Confederate grave. The cemetery is currently administered by Mountain Home National Cemetery, and contains veterans of every war since the Civil War.</p><br>
<h2>Union Soldier monument</h2><br>
<p>The Union Soldier monument, in the cemeterys eastern corner, was erected in the early 1900s. In 1892, Knoxvilles Confederate veterans installed a 48 ft monument topped by a statue of a Confederate soldier at the Confederate National Cemetery near the Mabry-Hazen House in East Knoxville. Not to be outdone, the local chapter of the Grand Army of the Republic formed a commission, headed by former Union Army officer and Knoxville Journal publisher William Rule (1839–1928), to raise money to build a monument of greater size at Knoxville National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1901, the monument initially stood 50 ft – the height having been calculated to surpass that of the Confederates&#39; monument – and was topped by a bronze eagle with wings spread. On August 22, 1904, however, the eagle was shattered by a bolt of lightning, the sound of which rattled Knoxville and could be heard for miles all around. Undaunted, the GAR commissioners planned immediate reconstruction, using federal funds secured by Congressman Henry R. Gibson. The new monument, designed by the local architectural firm Baumann Brothers, largely followed the original design, the exception being a marble statue of a Union soldier placed atop the monument rather than an eagle. The new monument was completed on October 15, 1906.</p><br>
<p>The monument, built of locally quarried marble, represents a medieval fortress, with stained glass windows and an inner room and staircase. The 8 ft soldier statue stands at post atop the main tower. The monument is sometimes called the "Wilder Monument," as local legend suggests the soldier bears the likeness of Union general and East Tennessee businessman John T. Wilder.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Medal of Honor recipients</p><br>
<p>Sergeant Troy A. McGill (1914–1944), for action in World War II.</p><br>
<p>Private Timothy Spillane (1842–1901), for action at the Battle of Hatcher&#39;s Run during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Others</p><br>
<p>Brevet Major General Joseph Alexander Cooper (1823–1910), veteran of the Mexican–American War and USA Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Brigadier General Robert Neyland (1892–1962), veteran of World War I and World War II; aide to Douglas MacArthur, then superintendent of West Point. Neyland was head coach of the Tennessee Volunteers football team and Neyland Stadium is named after him.</p><br>
<p>Little Rock National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery, located approximately two miles  south-east of the Arkansas State Capitol Building, being within the city of Little Rock, and Pulaski County, Arkansas. It encompasses 31.7 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 25,172 interments. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it is currently closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around Little Rock National Cemetery was once a Union encampment. The cemetery itself was a plot within the Little Rock City Cemetery, purchased by the federal government in 1866 and was used to inter Union soldiers who died anywhere in Arkansas. It was officially declared a National Cemetery on April 9, 1868 at which time 3 acre were added.</p><br>
<p>In 1884, an 11 acre Confederate cemetery was established immediately adjacent to the National Cemetery. In 1938, the two cemeteries were combined, though the Union and Confederate burials continued to be in separate sections.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, additional land was purchased from the nearby Oakland-Fraternal Cemetery, and in November 1999 the city of Little Rock donated 1 acre, bringing the cemetery to its current size.</p><br>
<p>Little Rock National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Noteworthy monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Confederate Memorial, erected in 1884.</p><br>
<p>The Minnesota Monument, a granite and bronze monument erected in 1916.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Lieutenant Maurice Britt (1919–1995), Medal of Honor recipient for action in World War II, Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas</p><br>
<p>Sergeant Simon A. Haley (1892–1973), professor of agriculture and father of author Alex Haley</p><br>
<p>Dick Hogan (1917–1995), actor</p><br>
<p>Earl Sutton Smith (1897–1963), Major League Baseball player</p><br>
<p>Captain John H. Yancey (1918–1986), decorated United States Marine of World War II and the Korean War</p><br>
<p>Raleigh National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Raleigh in Wake County, North Carolina. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 7 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 6,000 interments. It is currently closed to new interments and is maintained by New Bern National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was established in 1865. The cemetery lodge formerly housed the cemetery superintendents / directors. It was built in 1938, and is a two-story, six-room Colonial Revival frame building with a brick veneer and slate roof. Other contributing resources are the entrance gate, perimeter wall, rostrum, flagpole, and artillery monument. Raleigh National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Artillery Monument, a black iron wrought cannon mounted on a cement pedestal, erected circa 1890.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Sergeant First Class William Maud Bryant (1933–1969) US Army Special Forces – Medal of Honor recipient for action in the Vietnam War</p><br>
<p>New Bern National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of New Bern, in Craven County, North Carolina. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 7.7 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 7,517 interments. It is currently closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First established on February 1, 1867, New Bern National Cemetery was initially used to reinter remains from the numerous battlefield cemeteries around the area, including nearly 1,000 unknown soldiers and the remains of Union soldiers who died at the Battle of New Bern.</p><br>
<p>New Bern National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The 9th New Jersey Infantry Monument, a granite monument erected in 1905</p><br>
<p>The Massachusetts Civil War Monument, a granite monument erected in 1908</p><br>
<p>The Connecticut Monument, erected in 1908</p><br>
<p>The Rhode Island Civil War Monument, a granite monument with a bronze statue on it, dedicated in 1909</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>David Heaton (1823–1870), attorney, politician, and US Representative</p><br>
<p>Quincy National Cemetery is a small United States National Cemetery located in the city of Quincy, in Adams County, Illinois. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses slightly less than a half an acre, and as 2014, had 690 interments. It is currently closed to new interments, and is maintained by Rock Island National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally a one-quarter acre plot within Woodland Cemetery, the first burials took place in 1861. It was designated a National Cemetery on July 24, 1882.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the Federal Government purchase a 0.45 acre lot within Graceland Cemetery in Adams County, Illinois, and all the interments were transferred there from the soldiers&#39; plot in Woodland Cemetery. Major Martin M. Burke oversaw the removal of the remains.</p><br>
<p>Quincy National Cemetery is a rectangular parcel surrounded by a black metal picket fence with an entrance on the west side. A circular flagpole plaza is centered in the cemetery. There are 24 rows running north and south.</p><br>
<p>Sometime between 1936 and 1949, a fence dividing Graceland and the National Cemetery was improperly placed. An act of Congress (Public Law 116) was passed in 1953 to rectify the resulting property dispute. More modern changes to the cemetery have divided it from Graceland so as to be its own cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 7, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>Three gun monuments the New York Arsenal.</p><br>
<p>Forest Home Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery and arboretum located in the Lincoln Village neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and is the final resting place of many of the city&#39;s famed beer barons, politicians and social elite. Both the cemetery and its Landmark Chapel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and were declared a Milwaukee Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is run by a non-profit organization held in public trust. Profits from each sale are reinvested to insure continual care of the buildings and land. Its Victorian landscape contains over 100 species of trees, along with many ornate statues, crypts and monuments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A committee appointed by members of St. Pauls Episcopal Church in 1847 established Forest Home Cemetery on what would later become Milwaukees south side. When the land was selected it was located nearly two miles outside of the city limits along the newly built Janesville Plank Road (now Forest Home Avenue), in an area believed to be far enough from urban development to remain rural. Increase A. Lapham planned the original cemetery, including the curving roads, in 1850. The 72 acre that were purchased in 1850 quickly grew to nearly 200 acre by the start of the 20th century. Orville Cadwell was the first burial on August 5, 1850, but was soon joined by others due to an outbreak of cholera in the city.</p><br>
<p>This location was dotted by Paleo Indian burial mounds and intersected a large collection of effigy mounds known to settlers as the Indian Fields. It contained over sixty earthworks which were catalogued by pioneer scientist Increase A. Lapham, including a rare intaglio of a panther, none of which remains today. An Indian village populated the corner near what is now Lincoln Avenue that grew corn on the hills. They most likely chose this location due to its proximity to the Kinnickinnic River.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the Gothic Revival style Landmark Chapel started in 1890 and took two years to complete. It was designed by architects George Ferry & Alfred Clas and built using Lake Superior Sandstone, a dark red sandstone found near the Apostle Islands in Lake Superior. A leaded glass conservatory containing decades-old tropical plants extends from the north and south sides of the nave.</p><br>
<p>Modern improvements within Forest Home Cemetery include two large mausoleums. The Halls of History is an indoor temperature controlled mausoleum and community center. Along with the columbarium and crypts it houses, the center contains a number of permanent and changing exhibits that educate visitors about the history of Milwaukee and over 100 of its people. It is open for walk-ins during office hours. Adjacent to this is a large terraced outdoor mausoleum called Chapel Gardens. It contains above ground burials in porticos set by ornate colonnades, statues, and rose gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Forest Home Cemetery is home to 28 Milwaukee mayors, seven Wisconsin governors, noted industrialists and over 110,000 burials. The Newhall House Monument is a mass grave for 64 people of the Newhall House fire of 1883, in which 71 individuals (43 unidentified) died.</p><br>
<p>George A. Abert, member of the Wisconsin State Senate and Wisconsin State Assembly</p><br>
<p>George G. Abert, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly</p><br>
<p>Gerhard Bading, mayor and USA Minister to Ecuador</p><br>
<p>Sherburn Becker, known as the "boy mayor" of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Meta Schlichting Berger, female socialist organizer and advocate for improved public schooling systems</p><br>
<p>Victor Berger, newspaper editor, USA congressman, and founding member of the Socialist Party of America</p><br>
<p>Jacob Best, founder of what became the Pabst Brewing Company</p><br>
<p>Valentin Blatz, founder of the Valentin Blatz Brewing Company</p><br>
<p>Sherman Booth, newspaper editor and abolitionist</p><br>
<p>Lynde Bradley, co-founder of the Allen-Bradley corporation</p><br>
<p>James S. Brown, USA Congressman and first Attorney General of Wisconsin</p><br>
<p>Thomas H. Brown, twice named Mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>George Brumder, newspaper publisher (largest circulation of German language papers in the USA)</p><br>
<p>Ammi R. Butler, 23rd Mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Alfred L. Cary, prominent lawyer and member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.</p><br>
<p>John W. Cary, prominent lawyer, mayor of Racine, Wisconsin, member of the Wisconsin State Senate.</p><br>
<p>Enoch Chase, member of the Wisconsin Legislature</p><br>
<p>Horace Chase, politician who served as mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Hans Crocker, editor of Milwaukee&#39;s first newspaper and politician</p><br>
<p>Lysander Cutler, politician and Union Army general during the American Civil War</p><br>
<p>Arthur Davidson, One of the four original founders of the Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Company</p><br>
<p>William Davidson, One of the four original founders of the Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Company</p><br>
<p>Walter Davidson, President and co-founder of the Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Company</p><br>
<p>William Disch, member of the Wisconsin Legislature</p><br>
<p>Barney Augustus Eaton, member of the Wisconsin Legislature</p><br>
<p>Susan Stuart Frackelton, painter, specializing in painting ceramics</p><br>
<p>Oscar M. Fritz, 14th Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court</p><br>
<p>Ezekiel Gillespie, a Wisconsin agitator for equal rights for African Americans</p><br>
<p>Franklin L. Gilson, 32nd Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly</p><br>
<p>William T. Green, Milwaukee&#39;s first black lawyer and civil rights activist</p><br>
<p>Charles Hammersley, 1930 candidate for governor</p><br>
<p>Harrison Carroll Hobart, Union Army general, 2nd Speaker of the Wisconsin Assembly, 1859 and 1865 gubernatorial candidate</p><br>
<p>Edward D. Holton, early Milwaukee business leader, 1853 and 1857 gubernatorial candidate</p><br>
<p>Levi Hubbell, 2nd Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, first Wisconsin state official to be impeached</p><br>
<p>James Graham Jenkins, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</p><br>
<p>Louise Phelps Kellogg, historian, writer, and educator</p><br>
<p>Byron Kilbourn, American surveyor, railroad executive and co-founder of the City of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Charles King, USA General and distinguished writer</p><br>
<p>Abner Kirby, businessman and mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Increase A. Lapham, author, scientist, and early American naturalist</p><br>
<p>John "Babbacombe" Lee, famous for surviving three execution attempts.</p><br>
<p>William Lynde, lawyer and Wisconsin politician, Mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Harrison Ludington, Milwaukee mayor and governor of Wisconsin</p><br>
<p>Alfred Lunt & Lynn Fontanne, famous award-winning husband and wife Broadway acting team</p><br>
<p>Francis McGovern, American politician and Wisconsin governor</p><br>
<p>Kate Hamilton Pier McIntosh, one of the first women to become a lawyer in Wisconsin</p><br>
<p>Edmund T. Melms, American politician</p><br>
<p>Andrew Miller, justice of the territorial Wisconsin Supreme Court</p><br>
<p>Alexander Mitchell, wealthy banking magnate and Mitchell family patriarch</p><br>
<p>Billy Mitchell, USA Army general regarded as the father of the USA Air Force</p><br>
<p>John Mitchell, Senator and father of General Billy Mitchell</p><br>
<p>William A.O. Munsell, Los Angeles architect</p><br>
<p>Frederick Pabst, brewing magnate of Pabst Brewing Company fame</p><br>
<p>Henry Payne, USA Postmaster General</p><br>
<p>George Peck, newspaper publisher, mayor of Milwaukee and governor of Wisconsin</p><br>
<p>Ole Petersen, founder of Methodism in Norway</p><br>
<p>Emanuel Philipp, governor of Wisconsin</p><br>
<p>Charles Quentin, Wisconsin state senator</p><br>
<p>John Rugee, Wisconsin politician</p><br>
<p>Joseph Schlitz (cenotaph), brewing magnate of the now defunct Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company</p><br>
<p>Christopher Sholes, inventor of the first practical typewriter with its QWERTY key layout</p><br>
<p>William E. Smith, 14th Governor of Wisconsin and co-founder of Roundy&#39;s supermarket chain</p><br>
<p>Fred W. Springer, Wisconsin politician</p><br>
<p>Isaac Stephenson, United States Senator</p><br>
<p>John M. Stowell, Mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>John J. Tallmadge (1818–1873), 17th mayor of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Adonis Terry, 19th century Major League Baseball player</p><br>
<p>Harvey G. Turner, Wisconsin politician and lawyer</p><br>
<p>August Uihlein (1842–1911), COO – Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, business executive, horse breeder</p><br>
<p>Robert Uihlein Jr., (1916–1976), president and chairman of the board - Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co., noted polo player,</p><br>
<p>Don Upham, United States Attorney and two-term Milwaukee mayor</p><br>
<p>George Walker, early settler and co-founder of the City of Milwaukee</p><br>
<p>Isaac Walker, USA Senator and younger brother of George Walker</p><br>
<p>Emil Wallber, Mayor during the Bay View Tragedy</p><br>
<p>Daniel Wells Jr., USA congressman</p><br>
<p>Oscar Werwath, founder of the Milwaukee School of Engineering</p><br>
<p>Frederick C. Winkler, Union Army general</p><br>
<p>Carl Zeidler (cenotaph), brother to Frank Zeidler and Milwaukee&#39;s "singing mayor"</p><br>
<p>Frank Zeidler, three term socialist mayor of Milwaukee and 1976 United States Presidential Candidate</p><br>
<p>Loudon Park National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 5.2 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 7,138 interments. It is currently closed to new interments, and is maintained by the Baltimore National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery&#39;s Civil War interments include about 2,300 Union soldiers and 650 Confederate soldiers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Loudon Park National Cemetery was originally established as a plot within the Loudon Park Cemetery. It was one of the 14 original National Cemeteries established under the National Cemetery Act on July 17, 1862. Most of the original interments were from area veteran hospitals. During the American Civil War, Fort McHenry was a prisoner of war camp, and the prisoners who died while incarcerated there were interred at Loudon Park National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Land acquisitions in 1874, 1875, 1882, 1883 and lastly in 1903, brought the cemetery to its current size.</p><br>
<p>Loudon Park National Cemetery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Maryland Sons Monument, a three-foot-tall terra cotta frieze with a bas relief sculpture. Dedicated in 1885.</p><br>
<p>Rigby Monument, a marble monument erected in 1891 dedicated to Captain James H. Rigby and the 1st Maryland Light Artillery.</p><br>
<p>The Unknown Dead Monument, a marble sculpture, dedicated in 1895.</p><br>
<p>The Maryland Naval Monument, dedicated in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The Confederate Monument, erected in 1912, marking the burial place of Confederate prisoners of war.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Medal of Honor recipients</p><br>
<p>Private Henry G. Costin, for action during World War I</p><br>
<p>Private James T. Jennings, for action during the American Civil War</p><br>
<p>First Sergeant Henry Newman, for action in Arizona Territory during the Indian Wars</p><br>
<p>First Sergeant Wilhelm O. Philipsen, for action in the Colorado Territory during the Indian Wars</p><br>
<p>Sergeant William Taylor, two-time recipient for action during the Civil War</p><br>
<p>Memphis National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the Nutbush neighborhood in northeast Memphis, Tennessee. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 44.2 acre, and as of the end of 2007, had 42,184 interments.</p><br>
<p>Several Civil War battlefield cemeteries were transferred to the Memphis National Cemetery after the war.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The national cemetery at Memphis, Tennessee, was established in 1867. The cemetery, then comprising an area of 32.62 acres, was at that time about seven miles northeast of Memphis. The site for the cemetery was chosen by a board of officers consisting of Chaplain William R. Earnshaw, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel A.W. Wills, assistant quartermaster, and Brevet Major G.W. Marshall, assistant quartermaster, The first superintendent of the national cemetery at Memphis was John F. Carl, a discharged corporal of Company A, Fourth Regiment of Artillery, who was appointed on 6 August 1867. The 1869 report of Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas, Inspector of National Cemeteries, indicates that Superintendent Carl was attentive to his duties, and that he had the cemetery in good order.</p><br>
<p>Old records show that Memphis National Cemetery was originally established as the Mississippi River National Cemetery when the Union Army forces took control of Memphis during the American Civil War. This was a most appropriate designation in recognition of the fact that a very large number of the initial burials in the cemetery were the remains of members of the Union forces who participated in the battles and engagements during the early years of the war, which contributed to eventual control of the Mississippi River by the forces of the United States. Following the close of the war, reinterments were made in the national cemetery at Memphis from war time burial sites along the Mississippi from Hickham Kentucky to Helena Arkansas, including New Madrid, Island No. 10, and Fort Pillow.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, about 250 bodies of Union soldiers, some of whom were casualties of the Battle of Fort Pillow in Lauderdale County, were moved from a battlefield cemetery south of Fort Pillow to Memphis National Cemetery to be re-interred in a designated field.At Ft. Pillow, the graves had wooden markers. As the bodies were exhumed into wooden coffins, the names, military details and dates were transcribed onto the coffins in chalk. Before they could be reinterred, a thunderstorm washed away much of the information, accounting for the large number of "unknown" civil war markers.</p><br>
<p>The exigencies of war with the inevitable toll of wounded and sick necessitated the establishment of many military hospitals. The city of Memphis, once it had come under control of Union forces, furnished a convenient location for military hospitals to care for a portion of the wounded and sick from the Mississippi River area of combat. General hospitals capable of caring for 5,000 men were set up in and about the city. The more serious cases were sent to these hospitals in three river steamers assigned to the Medical Department as hospital transports. These hospitals, though better staffed and organized that some of the Civil War facilities, nonetheless had a high death rate among the wounded and ill committed to their care. The dead from these hospitals, initially interred in hospital and private cemeteries in the Memphis area, were subsequently reinterred in the Memphis National Cemetery after its establishment in 1867. After the war, several battlefield cemeteries were transferred to Memphis National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Visitors to Memphis National Cemetery will note several areas, especially in sections A, B, C, D, E, H, J, and K, wherein are government headstones and markers bearing no name. These are the graves of Civil War unknowns, some 8,866 in number, the second largest number of unknowns in any of the national cemeteries presently under the jurisdiction of the Department of Veterans Affaires. The existence of so large a number of interments of unknowns in a single cemetery may be attributed in large part to the fact that Memphis National Cemetery was not established until 1867, two years after the close of the Civil War. During the interval from the initial burial of these decedents to the time of reinterment, many of the crude wooden burial markers placed at the graves had been removed or destroyed through exposure to the elements. Further, as there was no mandatory use during the Civil War of any form of personal identification, such as the present day identification tags required to be worn at all times by military personnel, means of identification of disinterred remains were extremely limited.</p><br>
<p>By 1870, three years after the date of its establishment, Memphis National Cemetery had become the burial site for the remains of some 13,965 Civil War decedents and was ranked 5th in number of interments among the 73 national cemeteries then under control of the War Department. Members of Civil War volunteer organizations from twenty-eight states of the United States, as well as members of the United States Army, the United States Navy, United States Colored Troops, and the Mississippi River Marine Brigade are interred within the boundaries of this cemetery. Some five hundred and thirty-seven Civil War regiments are represented among the honored dead interred here at Memphis National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Over the years since the establishment of Memphis National Cemetery, changes in national cemetery legislation and regulations have extended the categories of persons eligible for interment in national cemeteries. Memphis National Cemetery has been expanded and now comprises a total area of 44.15 acres. Within its boundaries honored burial has been accorded to those members of the Armed Forces who have participated in the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the war in Vietnam. As of November 2017, an approximate number of 46,000 interments had been made in this cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The flag of the United States is proudly flown at Memphis National Cemetery, honoring the lives and deeds of the known and the unknown, who over these many years, answered the call of duty in their nation&#39;s service.</p><br>
<p>The Memphis National Cemetery is a closed National Cemetery and can only perform subsequent in-ground interments. The Cemetery does now have a Columbarium for the initial and subsequent interment of cremated remains of member of the Armed Forces of the United States whose last active service terminated honorably, and for their eligible dependents.</p><br>
<h3>Steamboat Sultana disaster</h3><br>
<p>On the night of April 26, 1865, the steamboat Sultana, overloaded with Union soldiers who had recently been liberated from Confederate POW camps, exploded due to a boiler rupture on the Mississippi River several miles north of Memphis. Many of the dead from that accident are buried in Memphis National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Illinois Monument, a granite and bronze sarcophagus by sculptor Leon Hermant, dedicated in 1929.</p><br>
<p>The Minnesota Monument, a granite monument erected in 1916.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Medal of Honor recipients</p><br>
<p>Private James H. Robinson (?–1864), for action during the Civil War, interred in Section H, Grave 4131.</p><br>
<p>Others</p><br>
<p>Winfield S. Cunningham (1900–1986), US Naval Officer, recipient of the Navy Cross for action at Wake Island.</p><br>
<p>George W. Grider (1912–1991), USA Representative</p><br>
<p>Ike Pearson (1917–1985), Major League Baseball player</p><br>
<p>Mound City National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near Mound City, in Pulaski County, Illinois. It encompasses 10.5 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 8,098 interments. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it is managed by the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery. This cemetery is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, Mound City was the site of the Mound City Civil War Naval Hospital. The cemetery was used to inter both Union and Confederate soldiers who died while under care at the hospital. After it was officially declared a National Cemetery in 1864, several nearby battlefield cemeteries arranged to have their remains reinterred there.</p><br>
<p>Mound City National Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The Illinois State Soldiers and Sailors Monument, a marble monument erected in 1874.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>John Basil Turchin (1821–1901), Russian-born, United States Civil War Union Army brigadier general.</p><br>
<p>Nashville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Madison, a suburb of Nashville, in Davidson County, Tennessee. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 64.5 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had over 34,000 interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The initial land for Nashville National Cemetery was acquired in July 1866. A tract of 45 acres was transferred to the United States from Morton B. Howell, Clerk and Master of the Chancery Court of Davidson County, in accordance with a decree of the court in the case of Anderson v. McRoberts & McKee, docket # 2153. The deed was recorded in January 1867, Davidson County deed book 38, p. 648. Another 17 acres was conveyed by the Clerk and Master, from the same case, in January 1867 and recorded in Davidson County deed book 38, p. 650. In October 1879 a small tract was deeded from J. Watts Judson and recorded in Davidson County deed book 63, p. 360.</p><br>
<p>The original interments were transferred from the Nashville City Cemetery, veteran hospital cemeteries around the region, as well as battlefield cemeteries, such as those from the Battle of Franklin. There are over four thousand unknowns buried in Nashville National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Nashville National Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Medal of Honor recipients</p><br>
<p>Private Charles P. Cantrell, for action during the Spanish–American War</p><br>
<p>Private John Carr, for action during the Indian Wars</p><br>
<p>Corporal William Franklin Lyell, for action during Korean War</p><br>
<p>Others</p><br>
<p>Chaplain Erastus M. Cravath, one of the founders of Fisk University</p><br>
<p>Augustus Herman Pettibone, US Congressman</p><br>
<p>Barry A. Sadler, Vietnam War veteran, and writer of the song Ballad of the Green Berets.</p><br>
<p>Bob Schultz, American baseball player</p><br>
<p>Teddy & Doyle Wilburn, brothers and country music stars</p><br>
<p>New Albany National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of New Albany, in Floyd County, Indiana. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 5.5 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 6,881 interments. It is managed by Zachary Taylor National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>New Albany National Cemetery was established in 1862, purchased from local land owner, Dr. Charles Bowman, to inter soldiers who died while serving at the training ground of Camp Noble. Many of the initial interments were also transferred from nearby military hospital cemeteries. The cemetery contains almost three hundred Union soldiers, and two unknown Confederate soldiers.</p><br>
<p>New Albany National Cemetery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Image:New Albany National Cemetery entrance.JPGEntrance to the cemetery</p><br>
<p>Image:New Albany National Cemetery graves.JPGGraves in the cemetery</p><br>
<p>Image:New Albany National Cemetery Rostrum.JPGRostrum of the cemetery</p><br>
<p>Image:New Albany National Cemetery Rostrum 2.JPGDistant view of the rostrum</p><br>
<p>Cabannes Trading Post was established in 1822 by the American Fur Company as Fort Robidoux near present-day Dodge Park in North Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It was named for the influential fur trapper Joseph Robidoux. Soon after it was opened, the post was called the French Company or Cabannés Post, for the ancestry and name of its operator, Jean Pierre Cabanné, who was born and raised among the French community of St. Louis, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>Located 10 miles north of Omaha, Nebraska; six miles south of Fort Atkinson, and 2 miles south of Fort Lisa, Cabanné&#39;s Post was an important link in relations between the United States and Native American tribes in the Louisiana Purchase. The Cabanné Archaeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, who toured the Louisiana Purchase extensively, visited the Post in 1823 and wrote highly of it, praising Cabanné and the accommodations. Part of the success of Cabannés Post was that it provisioned the garrison at nearby Fort Atkinson (1819–27) so had a steady business. Cabanné recruited traders and trappers for the American Fur Company, which expanded under John Jacob Astor to monopolize the American fur trade. Among Cabannes recruits was Joseph Marie La Barge, namesake of La Barge, Wyoming. Cabanné operated the post until 1833.</p><br>
<p>Consisting by then of a row of storehouses, shops, and houses, the post in 1833 was taken over by Joshua Pilcher. He managed it until the American Fur Company folded its operations about 1840 into those at Fontenelles Post at present-day Bellevue, Nebraska, as the fur trade had declined in economic importance. Peter A. Sarpy later took over management of Fontenelles Post.</p><br>
<p>The site of Cabannés Trading Post is north of present-day Dodge Park by Florence in North Omaha. Cabannés Post Archaeological Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a featured site on the Lewis and Clark Scenic Byway.</p><br>
<p>A house built on the site and in the style of Cabanné&#39;s House in St. Louis is a listed historic site.</p><br>
<p>Mill Springs National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the unincorporated community of Nancy, eight miles  west of the city of Somerset in Pulaski County, Kentucky. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 6.3 acre, and as of 2014, has over 4,000 interments.</p><br>
<p>Mill Springs National Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of Mill Springs National Cemetery was originally the battlefield cemetery of the Battle of Mill Springs, Sunday 19 January 1862, initially designated Logan&#39;s Cross Roads Cemetery. Soldiers who fell in the battle were buried in large trenches. After the Civil War, it became an official National Cemetery and had its name changed. Many battlefield cemeteries in the region had their remains transferred to Mill Springs.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, additional land was donated to the federal government for the cemetery by William H. Logan; he and his wife were buried in the cemetery upon their deaths.</p><br>
<p>Mill Springs National Cemetery was on the list of the first National Cemeteries created. As small as it is, the cemetery still receives burials. It is one of the oldest National Cemeteries still in operation.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Sergeant Brent Woods (1850–1906), Medal of Honor recipient for action in New Mexico Territory during the Indian Wars.</p><br>
<p>Danville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Danville, Virginia. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 3.5 acre and, as of the end of 2005, it had 2,282 interments. It is managed by Salisbury National Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Danville National Cemetery was established by the federal government on August 14, 1867 on a plot of 2.6 acre. This was part of the process to recognize and commemorate the military dead. Almost all of the original interments were Union prisoners-of-war who had been held in the city of Danville. Tobacco warehouses were converted into Confederate internment facilities for this purpose.</p><br>
<p>Most of the Union prisoners, as was the case for soldiers throughout the war, died of infectious diseases and malnutrition. These soldiers were initially buried in poorly marked, mass graves. They were later exhumed and reinterred with individual markers. Soldiers were from numerous states, including Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Wisconsin. The cemetery is open to visitors throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>Danville National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Danville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Danville, in Boyle County, Kentucky. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it has 394 interments and is currently closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Danville National Cemetery is located within the Bellevue Cemetery in Danville. The national cemetery site is located in the north-west corner and containing 0.3 acre. It consists of 18 cemetery lots laid off in the form of a rectangle. Near the center of the north side is a bronze plaque inscribed with "Danville National Cemetery" and the seal of the Veterans Administration (now the Department of Veterans Affairs). A square limestone post, with the letters "USA" inscribed on the upper face, is situated at each corner of the national cemetery. A flagpole, 70 feet high, constructed in 1971, is located just south of the bronze plaque identifying the national cemetery. There are no buildings, walls, or fences within the national cemetery. Graves are marked with upright marble headstones.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the American Civil War started, the federal government appropriated 18 cemetery lots from what was then Danville City Cemetery. The small lot was designated a National Cemetery in 1862. It is divided into six sections, five of which are for the interment of soldiers, and the other for civilians. The original interments were Union soldiers who died while under care in military hospitals in Danville. A Confederate lot in the city cemetery with 66 interments is next to Danville National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>During the early months of 1863, Confederate detachments infiltrated among the Union garrisons trying to protect Kentucky. On March 24, 1863, the city of Danville was captured by Confederate General John Pegram and his cavalry brigade, despite stout resistance from Colonel Frank Lane Wolford, commander of the First Kentucky Union Cavalry. Danville was also the site of several hospitals which cared for the Civil War wounded.</p><br>
<p>Follen Church is a historic Unitarian Universalist congregation located at 755 Massachusetts Avenue in Lexington, Massachusetts, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church is named for Charles Follen who was the first minister called by the church, in 1835. Follen served the congregation from 1835 to 1836 and from 1839 to 1840. Ralph Waldo Emerson was the minister of the congregation, then called the Christian Association of East Lexington, from 1836 to 1838. This was his last ministerial position.</p><br>
<p>Follen Church, built in 1839, is the oldest standing church building in Lexington. The unique octagonal sanctuary was designed by its first minister, Rev. Follen however he never preached in the sanctuary. He died en route to the dedication ceremony in a wreck at sea. It was named in his honor in 1885.</p><br>
<p>On April 30, 1976, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Follen Community Church.</p><br>
<p>As of August 2013, Rev. Claire Feingold Thoryn has joined Follen as the church&#39;s settled minister. Beryl Aschenberg is the Director of Religious Education. Chris Eastburn is the Director of Music.</p><br>
